Labarin garin Nabataean na Petra a Jordan

Labarin garin Nabataean na Petra a Jordan

Mafarin, ranar farin ciki, lalata da sake gano Petra

daga AGE ™ Mujallar Tafiya
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Tarihin garin Nabataean na Petra a cikin Jordan - Photo Monastery Petra Jordan
JordanHeritage na Duniya Petra • Tarihin Petra • Taswirar PetraYawon shakatawa PetraDutse kaburbura Petra

Asalin da farawa

Nabataea sun fito ne daga cikin cikin ƙasar Larabawa. Daular Nabataea ita ce masarautar Larabawa ta farko a tarihi. Ba a san komai game da asalin wannan mutanen ba kuma akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Wataƙila sun zauna a ƙarni na 6 BC. Yankin da ke kusa da Petra kuma ya raba ƙabilar da ta taɓa zama a can. Da farko sun zauna ne a matsayin makiyaya masu shinge tare da tanti a cikin kwarin Petras mai kariya. Ba a samo bayanin rubutu na tarihi na farko game da Nabbeans ba har zuwa 311 BC. A tarihin Girka.


Yunƙurin zuwa babban birni na kasuwanci

Birni yana da mahimmancin matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci. Domin shekaru 800 - daga karni na 5 BC BC zuwa karni na 3 AD - tsohon gari ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiya ga yan kasuwa. Petra yana da ƙwarewa sosai kuma ya zama sanannen tasha akan hanyoyi da yawa na vanyari. 'Yan kasuwar sun yi tafiya tsakanin Masar da Syria ko daga kudancin Arabiya zuwa Bahar Rum. Duk hanyoyi sunyi jagora ta hanyar Petra. Yankin Nabatean ana ganin shine mararraba tsakanin Weihrauchstrasse da Königsweg. Birnin ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci ta tsaka-tsakin kayan alatu kamar su kayan ƙamshi, mur da lubban kuma ya fara ne tun farkon ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Zuwa ga babban ci gaba.


Lokacin gwaji

A karni na 3 BC 'Yan Nabataeans sun sami damar kawar da hari akan Petra. Ofaya daga cikin magajin Alexander the Great ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙwace garin, wanda ya zama sananne ga arzikinta. Dakarunsa sun sami damar fatattakar garin, amma mutanen Nabataea suka kama kuma suka ci su a hanyar dawowa cikin hamada.


Ranar farin ciki na Petra

A karni na 2 BC A cikin BC Petra ya haɓaka daga asalin kasuwancin makiyaya zuwa matsuguni na dindindin kuma ya zama babban birnin Nabateans. An kafa tsayayyun tsari, wanda a tsawon shekaru ya kasance mafi girman girma. Wajen 150 BC BC daular Nabataean ta faɗaɗa tasirin ta ga Siriya. A cikin 80s na karni na 1 BC Nabataea sun yi mulki a ƙarƙashin Sarki Aretas III. Dimashƙu. Petra kuma ta bunkasa yayin wannan aure na tarihin Nabatean. Yawancin kabarin duwatsu na birni an gina su ne a ƙarshen karni na 1 BC. BC kuma a farkon karni na 1 AD


Farkon karshen

A karni na 1 BC Nabataea sun goyi bayan magajin sarauta na Yahudiya kuma sun kori ɗan'uwansa zuwa Urushalima, inda suka kewaye shi da yaƙi. Romawa suka kawo karshen wannan kawanyar. Sun nemi sarkin Nabataeans da ya janye nan take, in ba haka ba za a ayyana shi makiyin Rome. 63 BC To dole ne Petra ta sanya kanta cikin hidimar Rome. Nabataea sun zama masu bautar Roman. Duk da haka, Sarki Aretas ya sami nasarar adana mulkinsa a halin yanzu kuma Petra ta kasance mai cin gashin kanta har zuwa yanzu. A lokacin rayuwar Kristi, garin dutsen mai yiwuwa yana da mazauna kusan 20.000 zuwa 30.000.


A karkashin mulkin Rome

Romawa suna ƙara karkatar da tsoffin hanyoyin kasuwanci, don haka garin ya ƙara yin tasiri kuma aka sace asalin arzikinta. Daga karshe sarki na Nabataeans ya hana Petra taken babban birni kuma ya kaura da shi zuwa Bostra a cikin ƙasar Siriya ta yanzu. A AD 106, a ƙarshe aka sanya Petra cikin Daular Rome kuma daga yanzu aka tafiyar da ita azaman lardin Roman na Arabia Petraea. Kodayake Petra ta rasa tasiri da wadata, ta zauna lafiya. Garin ya sami ɗan gajeren matsayi na biyu a matsayin bishopric kuma babban birnin lardin Roman. Ragowar mutane da yawa sun shaida hakan Coci-coci na Rock City daga ƙarshen zamani, wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin kwarin Petra.


An watsar, an manta kuma an sake samu

Mummunar girgizar kasa ta lalata wasu gine-gine a garin dutsen Petra. Musamman, akwai mummunar halaka a AD 363. A hankali aka watsar da Petra kuma Bedouins kawai suka ziyarta don ɗan hutawa. Sannan garin ya fada cikin mantuwa. Shekaru 400 da suka gabata ne kawai kabilar B'doul suka koma cikin kogon Petras dindindin. Ga Turai, ba a sake gano garin da ya ɓace ba har 1812, har sai kawai jita-jita game da dutsen birni daga Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin 1985 Petra ta zama Wurin Tarihi na UNESCO.


Gwanin archaeological

An fara hakar rami a Petra tun daga farkon ƙarni na 20 kuma an buɗe yankin don yawon shakatawa. Yawancin b'doul da ke zaune a cikin kogo a can an tilasta musu ƙaura. A gefen gefen Petra har yanzu akwai sauran kogo da mutane ke zaune a yau. A halin yanzu, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano kusan gine-gine 20 da kango a yankin mai murabba'in kilomita 1000. Ana hasashen cewa kusan kashi 20 cikin 2003 na tsohon garin ne aka tono shi. Binciken ya ci gaba: A lokacin hakar ƙasa a cikin XNUMX, masu bincike sun sami hawa na biyu na sanannun Taskar Al Khazneh. A cikin 2011 an sami wurin wanka a kan tsauni mafi tsayi a cikin birni. A cikin 2016, wani masanin binciken kayan tarihi wanda ya gano tsoffin haikalin daga shekara ta 200 BC. Ta hanyar hoton tauraron dan adam. Zai zama abin birgewa ganin lokacin da za a ƙara labarin Petra da ƙarin surori.



JordanHeritage na Duniya Petra • Tarihin Petra • Taswirar PetraYawon shakatawa PetraDutse kaburbura Petra

Hakkin mallaka da haƙƙin mallaka
Ana kiyaye rubutu da hotuna ta haƙƙin mallaka. Hakkin wannan labarin cikin kalmomi da hotuna gaba ɗaya mallakar AGE ™ ne. An adana duk haƙƙoƙi. Abun ciki don bugawa / kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi ana iya lasisi akan buƙata.
Bayanin tushe don binciken rubutu

Petra Development And Tourism Region Authority (oD), Game da Petra. & Nabatean. [akan layi] An dawo da shi a ranar 12.04.2021 ga Afrilu, XNUMX, daga URL: http://www.visitpetra.jo/Pages/viewpage.aspx?pageID=124 kuma http://www.visitpetra.jo/Pages/viewpage.aspx?pageID=133

Jami'oi a cikin Halitta (oD), Petra. Babban birni mai daraja na Nabataeans. [akan layi] An dawo da shi a ranar 12.04.2021 ga Afrilu, XNUMX, daga URL: https://universes.art/de/art-destinations/jordanien/petra

Ursula Hackl, Hanna Jenni da Christoph Schneider (ba a daɗe da su ba) Tushen tarihin Nabataeans. Rubutun rubutu tare da fassara da sharhi. Musamman I.4.1.1. Lokacin Hellenistic ga Bayyanar Romawa & I.4.1.2. Lokacin daga lardin Siriya zuwa farkon shugabancin [a layi] An dawo da shi a ranar 12.04.2021 ga Afrilu, XNUMX, daga URL: https://edoc.unibas.ch/15693/9/NTOA_51.pdf [Fayil ɗin PDF]

Marubutan Wikipedia (Disamba 20.12.2019, 13.04.2021), Nabataeans. [akan layi] An dawo da shi a ranar XNUMX ga Afrilu, XNUMX, daga URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabat%C3%A4er

Marubutan Wikipedia (26.02.2021/13.04.2021/XNUMX), Petra (Jordan). [akan layi] An dawo da shi a ranar XNUMX ga Afrilu, XNUMX, daga URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra_(Jordanien)#Ausgrabungen

Ƙarin rahotannin AGE ™

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