Zinyama za ku Antarctica

Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zimakhala m'chilengedwe chapadera cha Antarctica?

Chisindikizo cha Weddell ndi ubweya wa ubweya kutsogolo kwa nyanja yamchere ku Antarctica.

Mbalame, zinyama ndi anthu ena okhala ku Antarctica

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The heraldic nyama: ma penguin aku Antarctica

Mukaganizira za nyama zakutchire za ku Antarctic, chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m’maganizo ndi ma penguin. Ndiwo chizindikiro cha dziko lodabwitsa loyera, nyama zamtundu wa Antarctica. Nyama zotchedwa emperor penguin mwina ndi zamoyo zodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Antarctic continent komanso zamoyo zokhazo zomwe zimaswana mwachindunji pa ayezi. Komabe, madera ake oswana ndi ovuta kwambiri kuwapeza. Adelie penguin amapezekanso ku Antarctica, koma amaswana pafupi ndi gombe choncho ndi osavuta kuwawona. Iwo sangakhale aakulu mofanana ndi wachibale wawo wodziŵika bwino, koma amangowakomera mtima. Amakonda mizere ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yopanda madzi oundana yokhala ndi ayezi ambiri. Emperor penguin ndi Adelie penguin ndi okonda ayezi weniweni ndipo ndi okhawo omwe amaswana kuchigawo chachikulu cha Antarctic continent.

Ma penguin a Chinstrap ndi gentoo penguin amaswana ku Antarctic Peninsula. Kuphatikiza apo, akuti gulu la penguin la golden-crested, lomwenso limakhala pachilumbachi. Chifukwa chake pali mitundu 5 ya ma penguin ku kontinenti ya Antarctic. King penguin sichiphatikizidwa, chifukwa imangobwera kudzasaka m'mphepete mwa Antarctica m'nyengo yozizira. Malo ake oswana ndi subantarctic, mwachitsanzo chilumba cha subantarctic South Georgia. Ma penguin a Rockhopper amakhalanso ku sub-Antarctica, koma osati ku Antarctic continent.

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Mbalame zina za ku Antarctica

Malinga ndi bungwe la Federal Environment Agency, pafupifupi mitundu 25 ya mbalame imakhala ku Antarctic Peninsula, kuphatikiza pa penguin zomwe zatchulidwa kwambiri. Skuas, giant petrels ndi white-face waxbills ndizowoneka zofala paulendo wa ku Antarctic. Amakonda kuba mazira a penguin komanso akhoza kukhala owopsa kwa anapiye. Mbalame yaikulu komanso yotchuka kwambiri ndi albatross. Mitundu ingapo ya mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi zimapezeka ku Antarctica. Ndipo ngakhale mtundu wa cormorant wapeza kwawo ku Cold South.

Mitundu itatu ya mbalame idawonedwanso ku South Pole komweko: snow petrel, Antarctic petrel ndi mtundu wa skua. Chifukwa chake amatha kutchedwa nyama zaku Antarctica. Kulibe ma penguin kumeneko chifukwa South Pole ili kutali kwambiri ndi nyanja yopatsa moyo. Mbalame zotchedwa emperor penguin ndi snow petrel ndi zinyama zokhazo zomwe zimakhala ku Antarctica kwa nthawi yaitali. Emperor penguin imaswana pa ayezi olimba a m'nyanja kapena madzi oundana, mpaka makilomita 200 kuchokera kunyanja. Snow petrel imayikira mazira ake pamwamba pa mapiri opanda madzi oundana ndipo imapita kumtunda wa makilomita 100 kumtunda kuti itero. Mbalame yotchedwa arctic tern imakhala ndi mbiri inanso: imauluka pafupifupi makilomita 30.000 pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mbalame yosamukasamuka yomwe ili ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zimaswana ku Greenland kenako zimawulukira ku Antarctica ndikubwereranso.

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Mitundu ya zisindikizo za Antarctic

Banja la agalu seal limaimiridwa ndi mitundu ingapo ku Antarctica: Zisindikizo za Weddell, kambuku, zisindikizo za crabeater ndi Ross seal osowa ndi nyama zaku Antarctica. Amasaka pa gombe la Antarctic ndipo amaberekera ana awo pamiyala ya madzi oundana. Mitundu yochititsa chidwi ya kum'mwera ya njovu imakhalanso ndi agalu agalu. Ndiwo zisindikizo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti ndi anthu okhala ku subarctic, amapezekanso m'madzi a Antarctic.

Chisindikizo cha ubweya wa Antarctic ndi mtundu wa zisindikizo zamakutu. Kunyumba kumakhala pazilumba za sub-Antarctic. Koma nthawi zina amakhalanso mlendo kugombe la kontinenti yoyera. Chisindikizo cha ubweya wa Antarctic chimadziwikanso kuti chisindikizo cha ubweya.

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Nyamakazi ku Antarctica

Kupatulapo nyama za m’madzi, anamgumi okha ndi nyama zoyamwitsa zomwe zimapezeka ku Antarctica. Amadyera m'madzi a ku Antarctic, akumapezerapo mwayi pazakudya zambiri za m'derali. Bungwe la Federal Environment Agency limati mitundu 14 ya anamgumi imapezeka nthawi zonse ku Southern Ocean. Izi zikuphatikizapo anangumi a baleen (monga humpback, fin, blue and minke whales) ndi anamgumi a mano (monga orcas, sperm whales ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma dolphin). Nthawi yabwino yowonera anamgumi ku Antarctica ndi February ndi Marichi.

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Zamoyo zapansi pamadzi za ku Antarctica

Ndipo ayi? Antarctica ndi zachilengedwe zambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Penguin, mbalame zam'nyanja, zisindikizo ndi anamgumi ndi nsonga chabe ya madzi oundana. Zamoyo zambiri za ku Antarctica zili pansi pa madzi. Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya nsomba, mitundu yayikulu ya nkhanu, ma cephalopods 70 ndi zolengedwa zina zam'nyanja monga echinoderms, cnidarians ndi masiponji.

Nyama yodziwika kwambiri yotchedwa Antarctic cephalopod ndi nyamayi wamkulu. Ndi moluska wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, nyama zofunika kwambiri ku Antarctic pansi pa madzi ndi krill Antarctic. Nkhanu zazing'onozi zokhala ngati shrimp zimapanga timaguluto tambirimbiri ndipo ndizomwe zimadya nyama zambiri za ku Antarctic. Palinso nsomba zotchedwa starfish, urchins za m’nyanja ndi nkhaka za m’nyanja kumadera ozizira kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cnidarian imachokera ku giant jellyfish yokhala ndi ma tentacle aatali mita mpaka tinthu tating'ono tomwe timapanga ma coral. Ndipo ngakhale cholengedwa chakale kwambiri padziko lapansi chimakhala m’malo ooneka ngati oipa: siponji yaikulu yotchedwa Anoxycalyx joubini akuti imafika msinkhu wa zaka 10.000. Pali zambiri zoti tipeze. Akatswiri a zamoyo za m'nyanja akupitirizabe kulemba zamoyo zambiri zomwe sizinafufuzidwe, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zomwe zili m'madzi oundana.

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Zinyama Zamtundu wa Antarctica

Penguin ndi zisindikizo ndi nyama zam'madzi mwa kutanthauzira. Ndipo mbalame za m’nyanja zomwe zimatha kuuluka zimakhala makamaka pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndiye, kodi ku Antarctica kuli nyama zomwe zimangokhala pamtunda? Inde, tizilombo tapadera kwambiri. Udzudzu wopanda mapiko wa Belgica antarctica wasintha kuti ugwirizane ndi momwe dziko la Antarctica likuzizira kwambiri. Kagulu kake kakang'ono kamene kamachititsa chidwi anthu asayansi, koma kachilomboka kamapereka zambiri m'njira zinanso. Kutentha kwa sub-zero, chilala ndi madzi amchere - palibe vuto konse. Udzudzuwu umatulutsa mankhwala oletsa kuzizira kwambiri ndipo umathanso kukhala ndi moyo pamene 70 peresenti ya madzi a m’thupi mwake ataya. Amakhala ngati mphutsi kwa zaka 2 mkati ndi pa ayezi. Amadya ndere, mabakiteriya ndi zitosi za penguin. Kachilomboka kamakhala ndi masiku 10 kuti akwere ndi kuikira mazira asanafe.

Udzudzu waung'ono wosawuluka umenewu ndi umene umadziwika kuti ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa ku Antarctica. Apo ayi, m'nthaka ya Antarctic pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga nematodes, nthata ndi ma springtails. Kupezeka kwa microcosm yolemera makamaka kumene dothi lathiridwa manyowa ndi ndowe za mbalame.

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Zambiri zosangalatsa za dziko la nyama ku Antarctica

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Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zilipo osati ku Antarctica?

Ku Antarctica kulibe nyama zoyamwitsa zapamtunda, zokwawa komanso zamoyo zam'mlengalenga. Kumtunda kulibe zilombo, choncho nyama zakuthengo za ku Antarctica zimakhala zomasuka kwambiri poona alendo. Zachidziwikire kuti kulibe zimbalangondo ku Antarctica, alenje owopsawa amapezeka ku Arctic kokha. Chifukwa chake ma penguin ndi zimbalangondo za polar sizingakumane mu chilengedwe.

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Kodi nyama zambiri zimakhala kuti ku Antarctica?

Mitundu yambiri ya nyama imakhala ku Southern Ocean, mwachitsanzo, m'madzi a Antarctic ozungulira Antarctica. Koma ku kontinenti ya Antarctic komwe kuli nyama zambiri? M'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndipo ziti? Mwachitsanzo, mapiri a Vestfold, ndi malo opanda ayezi ku East Antarctica. Southern elephant seals amakonda kuyendera dera lawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo Adelie penguin amagwiritsa ntchito malo opanda madzi oundana poswana. ndi Antarctic Peninsula Komabe, m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Kumadzulo kwa Antarctica, mumapezeka mitundu yambiri ya nyama kudera la Antarctic.

Palinso zisumbu zambiri za Antarctic ndi sub-Antarctica zozungulira dziko la Antarctic. Izinso nthawi zina zimakhala ndi nyama. Mitundu ina imapezeka kwambiri kumeneko kuposa ku Antarctic continent. Zitsanzo za zilumba zosangalatsa za sub-Antarctic ndi: The Zilumba za South Shetland ku Southern Ocean nyama paradiso South Georgia ndi Zilumba za South Sandwich mu Nyanja ya Atlantic, kuti Kerguelen Archipelago m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean Zilumba za Auckland ku Pacific Ocean.

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Kusintha kwa moyo ku Antarctica

Ma penguin a ku Antarctic adazolowera moyo wozizira kudzera muzinthu zazing'ono zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi nthenga zodzitetezera mwapadera, khungu lokhuthala, mafuta ochuluka, ndiponso chizolowezi chotetezana m’magulu akuluakulu ku mphepo kukazizira kuti achepetse kutentha. Mapazi a anyaniwa ndi osangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa kusintha kwapadera m'mitsempha yamagazi kumathandiza anyaniwa kuti azisunga kutentha kwa thupi lawo ngakhale mapazi ozizira. Phunzirani mu Kusintha kwa Penguin ku Antarctica zambiri za chifukwa chake ma penguin amafunikira mapazi ozizira ndi njira ziti zomwe chilengedwe chabwera ndi izi.

Zisindikizo za ku Antarctic zidazoloweranso moyo wa m'madzi oundana. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi chisindikizo cha Weddell. Amawoneka wonenepa kwambiri ndipo ali ndi chifukwa chilichonse chokhalira, chifukwa mafuta ochulukirapo ndi inshuwaransi ya moyo wake. Zomwe zimatchedwa kuti blubber zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotetezera kwambiri ndipo zimathandiza kuti chisindikizocho chizitha kulowa m'madzi ozizira a m'nyanja ya Southern Ocean. Zimenezi n’zofunika chifukwa nyamazi zimakhala zambiri pansi pa madzi oundana kuposa pa ayezi. Dziwani m'nkhaniyo Zisindikizo za Antarctic, momwe Weddell seals amasungira mabowo awo opuma bwino komanso zomwe zili zapadera kwambiri pa mkaka wawo.

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Ngakhale ku Antarctica kuli majeremusi

Ngakhale ku Antarctica kuli nyama zomwe zimakhala movutikira omwe amawalandira. Mwachitsanzo, parasitic roundworms. Mphutsi zozungulira zomwe zimamenyana ndi zisindikizo ndi zamtundu wina kusiyana ndi zomwe zimawombera namgumi, mwachitsanzo. Penguin amavutikanso ndi nematodes. Nyama zotchedwa crustaceans, squid, ndi nsomba zimagwira ntchito zapakati kapena zonyamula.

Ectoparasites amapezekanso. Pali nsabwe za m'zinyama zomwe zimakonda kwambiri akatumbu. Tizilombo timeneti timasangalatsa kwambiri potengera zamoyo. Mitundu ina ya zisindikizo imatha kudumphira mozama mpaka 600 metres ndipo nsabwe zatha kuzolowera kuti zipulumuke pamadziwa. Kupambana kodabwitsa.

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Mwachidule za nyama za ku Antarctica

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Zinyama 5 zomwe zimakhala ku Antarctica

The classic emperor penguin
Adelie penguin wokongola
Chisindikizo cha nyalugwe
Chisindikizo cha udzu wochuluka kwambiri
The white snow petrel

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Mapiritsi ku Antarctica

Nyama zam'madzi	Zisindikizo: Wedge Seal, Leopard Seal, Crabeater Seal, Southern Elephant Seal, Antarctic Fur Seal Nangumi: mwachitsanzo, anamgumi a humpback, fin whale, blue whale, minke whale, sperm whale, orca, mitundu ingapo ya ma dolphin
mbalame	penguins: Emperor penguin, Adelie penguin, chinstrap penguin, gentoo penguin, golden-crested penguin (King Penguin ndi Rockhopper Penguin ku Subantarctica) Mbalame zina zam'nyanja: mwachitsanzo, petrels, albatross, skuas, terns, white-faced waxbill, mtundu wa cormorant
Pisces	Pafupifupi mitundu 200: mwachitsanzo nsomba za ku Antarctic, ma disc bellies, eelpout, nsomba zazikulu za Antarctic cod

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Invertebrates ku Antarctica

arthropod	Mwachitsanzo ma crustaceans: kuphatikiza krill ya ku Antarctic Mwachitsanzo, tizilombo: kuphatikiza nsabwe za m'mapiko ndi udzudzu wopanda mapiko wa Belgica antarctica mwachitsanzo ma springtails
moluska	Mwachitsanzo squid: kuphatikizapo nyamakazi wamkulu mwachitsanzo nkhono
echinoderms	mwachitsanzo nkhaka za m'nyanja, nsomba za m'nyanja, nkhaka za m'nyanja
cnidarians	monga jellyfish & corals
mphutsi	mwachitsanzo threadworms
Masiponji	mwachitsanzo masiponji agalasi kuphatikiza siponji yayikulu Anoxycalyx joubini

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Alendo amathanso kupeza Antarctica pa sitima yapamadzi, mwachitsanzo pa Mzimu wa Nyanja.
Onani zaufumu wosungulumwa wakuzizira ndi AGE™ Antarctic Travel Guide.

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Sangalalani ndi AGE™ Image Gallery: Antarctic Biodiversity

(Pakuti chiwonetsero chazithunzi chomasuka chamtundu wonse, ingodinani chimodzi mwazithunzizo)

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Maufulu, zidziwitso ndi zambiri zamagwero