Iipenguins zase-Antarctica kunye neZiqithi ezingaphantsi kwe-Antarctic

oonombombiya

• oonombombiya begolide (Eudyptes chrysolophus)
• Oonombombiya baseMzantsi (I-Eudyptes chrysocome)
  

Oonombombiya base-Antarctica kunye ne-Subantarctica

• Oonombombiya baziqhelanisa njani ne-Antarctica?
• Ungazibona phi iipenguin e-Antarctica?

Unokufumana ulwazi oluninzi lwezilwanyana kwinqaku Izilwanyana zasendle zase-Antarctica.

i-emperor penguins

I-Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) lolona hlobo loonombombiya lukhulu ehlabathini kunye nomhlali oqhelekileyo wase-Antarctic. Ungaphezu kwemitha ubude, ulinganisa i-30 kg elungileyo kwaye ulungelelanise ngokugqibeleleyo kubomi kubanda.

Umjikelo wayo wokuzala awuqhelekanga ngokukodwa: u-Epreli lixesha lokukhwelana, ngoko ke ixesha lokuzala liwela embindini wobusika base-Antarctic. I-emperor penguin kuphela kweentlobo zoonombombiya ezizala ngokuthe ngqo emkhenkceni. Ngabo bonke ubusika, iqabane loonombombiya eliyindoda lithwala iqanda ngeenyawo lize lilifudumeze ngokugotywa kwesisu. Inzuzo yesi sicwangciso singaqhelekanga sokuzala kukuba amantshontsho aqandusela ngoJulayi, nto leyo ewanika lonke ihlobo lase-Antarctic ukuba akhule. Iindawo ezizalela kuzo i-emperor penguin zikumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka elwandle kumkhenkce ongaphakathi okanye umkhenkce oqinileyo wolwandle. Umkhenkce kumkhenkce obhityileyo awukhuselekanga kakhulu, kuba oku kunyibilika kwihlobo lase-Antarctic.

Inani labemi lithathwa ngokuba lisengozini kwaye liyancipha. Ngokwemifanekiso yesathelayithi ukusuka ngo-2020, inani labemi liqikelelwa ngaphezulu nje kwama-250.000 ezibini ezizalayo, okt malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi sezilwanyana ezindala. Ezi zahlulwe malunga neekoloni ezingama-60. Ubomi bayo kunye nokusinda kwayo kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomkhenkce.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

king penguins

Inkosi yepenguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) ungowohlobo loonombombiya abakhulu kwaye ungumhlali we-subantarctic. Yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kwe-emperor penguin. Phantse iimitha ubude kwaye malunga ne-15kg ubunzima. Izala kwiikoloni ezinkulu zamawaka ngamawaka eepenguin, umzekelo kwisiqithi esingaphantsi kwe-Antarctic. EMzantsi Georgia. Kuphela kuhambo lokuzingela ebusika apho iphinda ihambe kude nonxweme lwelizwekazi lase-Antarctic.

I-King penguins idibana nokuba ngoNovemba okanye ngoFebruwari. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni intshontsho labo lokugqibela libaleke nini. Imazi izalela iqanda elinye kuphela. Njengeemperor penguin, iqanda liqanduselwa ezinyaweni naphantsi kwesisu, kodwa abazali bayatshintshana ngokufukama. Oonombombiya abancinci banentsiba ezimdaka ngebala. Ekubeni amantshontsho eselula engafaniyo neentaka ezikhulileyo, ngempazamo aye ajongwa njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zepenguin. Ookumkani abancinci banokuzinyamekela kuphela emva konyaka. Ngenxa yoku, iiking penguins ziba nabantwana ababini kuphela kwiminyaka emithathu.

Isitokhwe asithathwa njengesengozini kunye nokwanda kwabemi. Nangona kunjalo, inani lesitokhwe sehlabathi lonke alaziwa ngokoLuhlu oluBomvu. Olunye uqikelelo lunika izilwanyana ezizalayo ezizizigidi ezisisi-2,2. Kwisiqithi esingaphantsi kwe-Antarctic EMzantsi Georgia malunga nama-400.000 ezibini ezizalayo zihlala kuyo.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

Adelie penguins

UAdelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) yeyoonombombiya abanomsila omde. Olu hlobo loonombombiya abanobude obumalunga ne-70cm kunye nobunzima bomzimba obumalunga ne-5kg. Ngaphandle kwe-emperor penguin eyaziwayo, i-Adelie penguin kuphela kweentlobo ze-penguin ezihlala kungekuphela nje kwi-Antarctic Peninsula, kodwa neyona ndawo iphambili yelizwekazi lase-Antarctic.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-emperor penguin, i-Adelie penguin ayizali ngokuthe ngqo emkhenkceni. Endaweni yoko, idinga unxweme olungenamkhenkce ukuze yakhe indlwane yayo yamatye amancinci. Imazi izalela amaqanda amabini. Inkunzi yepenguin ithatha intshontsho. Nangona ikhetha iindawo ezingenamkhenkce ukuze zizale, ubomi be-Adelie penguin bunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nomkhenkce. Ungumthandi wokwenyani womkhenkce ongathandiyo ukuba kwindawo zamanzi avulekileyo, ukhetha iindawo ezinomkhenkce omninzi.

Isitokhwe asithathwa njengemngciphekweni ngokwanda kwabemi. Uluhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lubonisa inani labantu emhlabeni wonke kwi-10 yezigidi zezilwanyana ezizalayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ubomi bolu hlobo loonombombiya busondelelene nomkhenkce, ukuhlehla kwipakethe yomkhenkce kunokuba nefuthe elibi kumanani abemi bexesha elizayo.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

i-chinstrap penguins

I-chinstrap penguin (IPygoscelis antarctica) ikwabizwa ngokuba yipenguin ene-chin-streaked. Ezona ndawo zizalanisayo zikhulu kwiZiqithi zaseSouth Sandwich nakwiSouth Shetland Islands. Ikwazala nakwi-Antarctic Peninsula.

I-chinstrap penguin ifumana igama layo kwiimpawu zentamo ekhangele amehlo: umgca omnyama ogobileyo kwimvelaphi emhlophe, ekhumbuza umkhala. Ukutya kwabo okuphambili yi-Antarctic krill. Njengazo zonke iipenguin zolu hlobo, le penguin inomsila omde yakha indlwane ngamatye kwaye izalele amaqanda amabini. Abazali beChinstrap penguin bayatshintshisana ngokuzala kunye nokuzalela kwiindawo ezingenamkhenkce elunxwemeni. NgoNovemba lixesha lokuzala kwaye xa eneenyanga ezimbini kuphela ubudala, amantshontsho angwevu sele etshintshiselana ngeentsiba ezikhulileyo. I-Chinstrap penguin ikhetha indawo yokuzalela engenamkhenkce ematyeni nakwithambeka.

Isitokhwe asithathwa njengesengozini. ULuhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lubeka abemi behlabathi kwi-2020 yezigidi ze-chinstrap penguin ukususela ngo-8. Nangona kunjalo, kuphawulwe ukuba amanani esitokhwe ayancipha.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

oonombombiya

I-Penguin yeGentooI-Pygoscelis ePapua) ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi penguin ebomvu. Izala kuSingasiqithi weAntarctic nakwiziqithi ezingaphantsi kweAntarctic. Nangona kunjalo, eyona koloni ye-gentoo penguin inkulu indlwane ngaphandle kwe-Antarctic Convergence Zone. Ifumaneka kwiiFalkland Islands.

I-Gentoo penguin ifumana igama layo kwiifowuni ezirhabaxa, ezigqobhozayo. Luhlobo lwesithathu lwepenguin phakathi kohlobo lwepenguin enomsila omde. Amaqanda amabini kunye nendlwane yamatye nazo zezona asethi zakhe zinkulu. Inika umdla into yokuba amantshontsho e-gentoo penguin atshintshe iintsiba zawo kabini. Kanye ukusuka kusana ukuhla ukuya kwintsiba ekwiminyaka emalunga nenyanga enye kwaye kwinyanga ezine ukuya kwiintsiba zabantu abadala. I-gentoo penguin ikhetha amaqondo obushushu ashushu, iindawo zokuhlala ezisicaba kwaye yonwabela ingca ende njengendawo yokuzimela. Ukuqhubela phambili kwayo kwimimandla esemazantsi kaSingasiqithi we-Antarctic kunokunxulunyaniswa nokufudumala kwehlabathi.

Uluhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lubeka inani labemi behlabathi ngo-2019 kwizilwanyana ezikhulileyo ezingama-774.000 kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, i-gentoo penguin ayithathwa njengesengozini, njengoko ubungakanani babemi bahlelwa njengezinzile ngexesha lovavanyo.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

oonombombiya begolide

I-golden crested penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) ikwahamba ngegama elihlekisayo lemacaroni penguin. Iinwele zayo ezimdaka ezibugolide-tyheli luphawu lokuthengisa olungathandabuzekiyo loluhlobo lwe penguin. Ngobude obuziisentimitha ezingama-70 kunye nobunzima bomzimba obumalunga ne-5 kg, bufana nobukhulu obufana nombombombiya onomsila omde, kodwa ungowohlobo lwe-crested penguin.

Ixesha lokuzalela loonombombiya begolide liqala ngo-Okthobha. Zizalela amaqanda amabini, elinye likhulu nelinye lincinci. Iqanda elincinane liphambi kwelikhulu kwaye lisebenza njengokhuseleko kulo. Uninzi loonombombiya begolide luzala kwi-sub-Antarctic, umzekelo eCooper Bay kwisiqithi esisezantsi kweAntarctic. EMzantsi Georgia. Kukwakho nekoloni lokuzalanisa kwi-Antarctic Peninsula. Oonombombiya abambalwa abanecrested golden crested ngaphandle kwe Antarctic Convergence Zone kwiFalkland Islands. Ziyathanda ukuzalela apho phakathi kwe-rockhopper penguins kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zihlangane nazo.

ULuhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN ludwelise i-golden crested penguin njengesesichengeni ngo-2020. Ngo-2013, isitokhwe sehlabathi jikelele malunga nezigidi ezili-12 zezilwanyana ezizalayo zinikezelwa. Ubungakanani babemi buyancipha kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zokuzala. Nangona kunjalo, amanani achanekileyo ophuhliso lwangoku alukho.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

Oonombombiya baseMzantsi

I-Southern Rockhopper Penguin (I-Eudyptes chrysocome) imamela igama elithi "Rockhopper" ngesiNgesi. Eli gama libhekisa kwindlela enomtsalane yokukhwela ezi ntlobo ze penguin ziqhuba xa zisiya kwiindawo ezizalela kuzo. Unombombiya osemazantsi lolunye lweentlobo ezincinci zoonombombiya ezinobude obumalunga ne-50cm kunye nobunzima bomzimba obumalunga ne-3,5kg.

I-rockhopper yasemzantsi ayizaleli e-Antarctica, kodwa kwi-sub-Antarctic kwiziqithi ezisezantsi kwe-Antarctic ezifana ne-Crozet Islands kunye ne-Kerguelen Archipelago. Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctic Convergence Zone, inendlwane ngamanani amakhulu kwiZiqithi zaseFalkland kwaye ngamanani amancinci kwiziqithi zase-Australia naseNew Zealand. Njengazo zonke i-crested penguins, ibeka iqanda elikhulu kunye nelinye elincinci, kunye neqanda elincinci elibekwe phambi kweqanda elikhulu njengokhuseleko. I-rockhopper penguin inokukhulisa amantshontsho amabini rhoqo kune-golden-crested penguin. Oonombombiya beRockhopper bakholisa ukuzala phakathi kwealbatross kwaye bakhetha ukubuyela kwindlwane enye rhoqo ngonyaka.

ULuhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lubeka inani labemi bamazantsi e-rockhopper kwihlabathi liphela kwi-2020 yezigidi zabantu abadala ngo-2,5. Ubungakanani babantu buyancipha kwaye iintlobo zepenguin zidweliswe njengezisengozini.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo IiPenguins zase-Antarctica

 Ungazibona phi iipenguin e-Antarctica?

Inxalenye ephambili yelizwekazi lase-Antarctic: Kukho iikholoni ezinkulu ze-Adelie penguin ngaselunxwemeni. IEmperor penguins zizalela phakathi emkhenkceni. Iikoloni zabo ke ngoko kunzima ukufikelela kuzo kwaye zihlala zifikelelwa kuphela ngenqanawa kubandakanya nehelikopta.

I-Antarctic Peninsula: Yeyona ndawo ityebileyo ngeentlobo zezityalo zase-Antarctica. Ngenqanawa yohambo, unethuba elingcono lokujonga iipenguin zika-Adelie, i-chinstrap penguin kunye ne-gentoo penguin.

Isiqithi sase-Snow Hills: Esi siqithi saseAntarctic saziwa ngokuba yi-emperor penguin evelisa ikoloni. Iihambo zeenqanawa zeHelikopta zinethuba eliphantse libe ngama-50 ekhulwini lokufikelela kwiikholoni, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomkhenkce.

Iziqithi zaseSouth Shetland: Abakhenkethi kwezi ziqithi zingaphantsi kwe-Antarctic babona i-chinstrap kunye ne-gentoo penguin. Rarer kwakhona Adelie okanye igolide crested penguins.

EMzantsi Georgia: Isiqithi esingaphantsi kwe-Antarctic sidume ngeekoloni zaso ezinkulu ze-king penguins ezimalunga nama-400.000 ezilwanyana. Oonombombiya begolide, oonombombiya be-gentoo kunye noonombombiya be-chinstrap nazo zizalela apha.

Iziqithi zaseSouth Sandwich: Zezona ndawo zizalela kuzo i-chinstrap penguin. I-Adelie penguin, i-golden-crested penguin kunye ne-gentoo penguin nazo zihlala apha.

I-Kerguelen Archipelago: Ezi ziqithi zingaphantsi kwe-Antarctic kuLwandlekazi lwase-Indiya zilikhaya leekoloni zoonombombiya, oonombombiya begolide kunye noonombombiya be-rockhopper.