Indaba yedolobha lamaNabataea ePetra eJordani

Jordan • Amagugu Omhlaba Petra • Umlando we-Petra • Imephu yasePetra • Ukubona iPetra • Amathuna amadwala uPetra

Umsuka nesiqalo

AmaNabataea ayevela maphakathi ne-Arabia. Umbuso wamaNabataea wawungumbuso wokuqala wama-Arabhu emlandweni. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yalaba bantu futhi kunemibono ehlukahlukene. Cishe bazinza ngekhulu lesi-6 BC. Indawo ezungeze iPetra futhi yasusa isizwe esasikade sihlala lapho ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni babehlala njengabahambeli abancane abanamatende esigodini esivikelwe iPetras. Inothi lokuqala elabhalwa ngokomlando mayelana namaNabbeya alitholakalanga kwaze kwaba ngu-311 BC. Emlandweni wamaGrikhi.

Ukukhuphuka kwedolobha elikhulu lezentengiselwano

Idolobha lifanele ukuphakama kwalo ngokubaluleka kwalo njengesikhungo sokuhweba. Iminyaka engama-800 - kusukela ngekhulu lesi-5 BC BC kuya ekhulwini lesi-3 AD - idolobha lasendulo laliyindawo ebalulekile yabadayisi. IPetra yayisendaweni ekahle futhi yaba yindawo yokuma ethandwayo emizileni eminingi yamakharaveni. Abahwebi bahamba phakathi kweGibhithe neSiriya noma besuka eningizimu ye-Arabia baya eMedithera. Yonke imigwaqo iholela ePetra. Isifunda saseNabatean sithathwa njengempambana mgwaqo phakathi kweWeihrauchstrasse neKönigsweg. Idolobha laba yisikhungo esiphakathi nendawo sokuhweba sezimpahla zikanokusho ezinjengezinongo, imure nenhlaka yempepho futhi laqala ngekhulu lesi-4 BC. Ukuchuma okukhulu.

Ukuhlolwa

Ekhulwini lesi-3 BC AmaNabataea akwazi ukubuyisa ukuhlaselwa kwePetra. Omunye wabalandela u-Alexander the Great wazama ukuthatha lo muzi, owawusudume ngengcebo yawo. Ibutho lakhe likwazile ukuphanga umuzi, kepha labanjwa futhi lahlulwa ngabaseNabataea lapho sebebuyela ehlane.

Usuku lokuzalwa lukaPetra

Ekhulwini lesi-2 BC E-BC iPetra yathuthuka isuka esikhungweni sokuhweba ngokufuduka yaya endaweni yokuhlala unomphela futhi yaba inhlokodolobha yamaNabatean. Kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezingaguquki okwathi, eminyakeni edlule, zathatha ubukhulu obukhulu. Cishe ngo-150 BC BC uMbuso weNabataea wakhulisa ithonya lawo ngaseSyria. Eminyakeni yama-80s yekhulu lokuqala BC AmaNabataea abusa ngaphansi kweNkosi u-Aretas III. IDamaseku. UPetra naye wachuma phakathi nalomshado womlando weNabatean. Amathuna amaningi edolobha akhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala leminyaka BC. BC nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lokuqala AD

Ukuqala kokuphela

Ekhulwini lokuqala BC AmaNabataea asekela indlalifa efanelekile yobukhosi baseJudiya futhi ahambisa umfowabo eJerusalema, lapho amvimbezela khona. AmaRoma aqeda lokhu kuvinjezelwa. Bacela inkosi yamaNabataea ukuthi ihoxe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzomenyezelwa ukuthi iyisitha seRoma. 1 BC Khona-ke uPetra kwadingeka azibeke enkonzweni yaseRoma. AmaNabataea aba yizikhonzi zamaRoma. Yize kunjalo, iNkosi u-Aretas yakwazi ukugcina umbuso wayo kuze kube manje kanti uPetra wayezimele okwamanje. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaKristu, idwala ledwala cishe lalinabantu abangaba ngu-63 20.000 kuya ku-30.000.

Ngaphansi kokubusa kwamaRoma

AmaRoma aqhubeka ephambukisa imizila emidala yokuhweba, ukuze idolobha lilahlekelwe yithonya elithe xaxa futhi liphucwa umthombo wengcebo yalo. Inkosi yokugcina yamaNabataea yagcina yenqabe uPetra isiqu senhlokodolobha wayihambisa eBostra endaweni manje eyiSyria. Ngo AD 106, ekugcineni uPetra wahlanganiswa noMbuso WaseRoma futhi kusukela lapho waqhutshwa njengesifundazwe saseRoma i-Arabia Petraea. Yize uPetra ayelahlekelwe yithonya nokuchuma, kwahlala kuzinzile. Idolobha lithole ukuphakama okwesibili okwesikhashana njengombhishobhi kanye nenhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe saseRoma. Izinsalela zabaningana ziyakufakazela lokhu Amasonto e-Rock City kusukela kudala, engatholakala esigodini sasePetra.

Ulahliwe, ukhohliwe futhi watholakala futhi

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kudilize ezinye izakhiwo edolobheni elisedwala iPetra. Ikakhulu, kwaba khona ukubhujiswa okukhulu ngo AD 363. UPetra washiywa kancane kancane futhi wavakashelwa kuphela amaBedouins ukuyophumula isikhashana. Ngemuva kwalokho umuzi wavele wanganakwa. Kwakuyiminyaka engama-400 eyedlule kuphela lapho isizwe sakwaBudoul saphindela unomphela emihumeni yasePetras. EYurophu, idolobha elahlekile aliphindanga latholakala kuze kube ngu-1812, kuze kube yileso sikhathi kwakukhona amahemuhemu kuphela ngedolobha ledwala elivela eMiddle East. Ngo-1985 iPetra yaba yindawo eyiGugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO.

Ukuvubukula

Ukumba bekuqhubeka ePetra kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi le ndawo ivulekele ezokuvakasha. Iningi lala b'doul abesahlala emigedeni lapho bathuthwa ngenkani. Emaphethelweni ePetra kusekhona imihume ehlala abantu namuhla. Okwamanje, abavubukuli bathole cishe izakhiwo eziyi-20 namanxiwa endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-1000. Kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-20 kuphela wedolobha lasendulo ambiwa. Ukuseshwa kuyaqhubeka: Ngesikhathi kumbiwa ngonyaka we-2003, abacwaningi bathola isitezi sesibili sendawo eyaziwayo Umgcinimafa u-Al Khazneh. Ngo-2011 kwatholakala indawo yokugeza entabeni ephakeme kunazo zonke edolobheni. Ngo-2016, umvubukuli wasemoyeni wathola izinsalela zethempeli lasendulo kusukela ngo-200 BC. Ngesithombe sesathelayithi. Kuzojabulisa ukubona ukuthi indaba kaPetra izokwengezwa nini ngezahluko ezengeziwe.

Jordan • Amagugu Omhlaba Petra • Umlando we-Petra • Imephu yasePetra • Ukubona iPetra • Amathuna amadwala uPetra