Ama-penguin ase-Antarctica nase-Sub-Antarctic Islands

ama-penguin acwebile

• amaphengwini egolide (I-Eudyptes chrysolophus)
• Southern rockhopper penguin (I-Eudyptes chrysocome)
  

Ama-penguin ase-Antarctica nase-Subantarctica

• Openguin bazijwayela kanjani ne-Antarctica?
• Ungawabona kuphi amaphengwini e-Antarctica?

Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe lwezilwane esihlokweni Izilwane zasendle zase-Antarctica.

ama-emperor penguins

I-Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) iwuhlobo lwepenguin olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni kanye nomhlali ojwayelekile wase-Antarctic. Ungaphezu kwemitha ubude, unesisindo esihle esingu-30 kg futhi ujwayele ukuphila emakhazeni.

Umjikelezo wokuzalanisa kwawo awujwayelekile: U-April yinkathi yokukhwelana, ngakho isikhathi sokuzala singena phakathi nobusika base-Antarctic. I-emperor penguin iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zepenguin ezizalela ngqo eqhweni. Kubo bonke ubusika, umlingani wepenguin wesilisa uphatha iqanda ngezinyawo zakhe futhi alifudumeze ngesisu sakhe. Inzuzo yalelisu elingavamile lokuzalanisa ukuthi amatshwele achanyuselwa ngo-July, okuwanika lonke ihlobo lase-Antarctic ukuze akhule. Izindawo ezizalela kuzo i-emperor penguin zifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-200 ukusuka olwandle eqhweni eliphakathi nezwe noma eqhweni lasolwandle eliqinile. I-brood on thin pack ice ayiphephile kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuncibilika ehlobo lase-Antarctic.

Isitoko sibhekwa njengesisengozini futhi sincipha. Ngokwezithombe zesathelayithi zangonyaka ka-2020, inani labantu lilinganiselwa ngaphezudlwana kuka-250.000 wamapheya azalelayo, okusho ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesigidi sezilwane ezindala. Lezi zihlukaniswe ngamakholoni angaba ngu-60. Ukuphila nokusinda kwayo kuhlobene eduze neqhwa.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

king penguins

Inkosi penguin (I-Aptenodytes patagonicus) ungowohlobo lwamaphengwini amakhulu futhi uyisakhamuzi sase-subantarctic. Iwuhlobo lwesibili olukhulu lwepenguin emhlabeni ngemuva kwe-emperor penguin. Cishe imitha ubude futhi cishe 15kg isisindo. Izalela emakoloni amakhulu ezinkulungwane ngezinkulungwane zamaphengwini, isibonelo esiqhingini esingaphansi kwe-Antarctic INingizimu Georgia. Ihamba kuphela ogwini lwezwekazi lase-Antarctic ohambweni lokuzingela ebusika.

Ama-penguin enkosi ahlangana ngoNovemba noma ngoFebhuwari. Kuya ngokuthi itshwele labo lokugcina labaleka nini. Insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa kuphela. Njenge-emperor penguin, iqanda lichanyuselwa ezinyaweni nangaphansi kwesisu, kodwa abazali bayashintshana ngokufukamela. Ama-king penguin asemancane anezimpaphe ezinsundu eziphansi. Njengoba lezi zinsana zingafani nezinyoni ezindala, ngephutha zathathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukene zepenguin. Amakhosi asemancane angakwazi ukuzinakekela ngemva konyaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-king penguin anezingane ezimbili kuphela eminyakeni emithathu.

Isitoko asibhekwa njengesisengozini ngenani labantu elandayo. Kodwa-ke, inani lesitoko emhlabeni wonke alaziwa ngokohlu Olubomvu. Okunye ukulinganisa kunikeza izilwane ezizalayo eziyizigidi ezingu-2,2. Esiqhingini esingaphansi kwe-Antarctic INingizimu Georgia amapheya azalanayo angaba ngu-400.000 XNUMX ahlala kuwo.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

Adelie penguins

I-Adelie Penguin (I-Pygoscelis adeliae) kungokwamaphengwini anomsila omude. Lolu hlobo lungelamaphengwini aphakathi nendawo anobude obungaba ngu-70cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingama-5kg. Ngaphandle kwe-emperor penguin eyaziwa kakhulu, i-Adelie penguin iwukuphela kwezinhlobo ze-penguin ezingahlali nje kuphela eNhlonhlweni yase-Antarctic kodwa futhi nengxenye eyinhloko yezwekazi lase-Antarctic.

Nokho, ngokungafani ne-emperor penguin, i-Adelie penguin ayizali ngokuqondile eqhweni. Kunalokho, idinga ugu olungenaqhwa lapho izokwakha khona isidleke sayo samadwala amancane. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amabili. I-penguin yesilisa ithatha i-brood. Nakuba ithanda izindawo ezingenaqhwa ukuze zizalele, izimpilo zika-Adelie penguin zihlobene eduze neqhwa. Ungumthandi weqhwa wangempela ongathandi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ethanda izindawo ezineqhwa eliningi.

Isitoko asibhekwa njengesisengozini ngenani labantu elandayo. Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lubonisa inani labantu emhlabeni wonke lezilwane ezizalayo eziyizigidi eziyi-10. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukuphila kwalolu hlobo lwephengwini kusondelene kakhulu neqhwa, ukuhlehla eqhweni kungase kube nomthelela omubi ezinambeni zabantu ezizayo.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

ama-penguin ama-chinstrap

I-chinstrap penguin (I-Pygoscelis antarctica) ibizwa nangokuthi ipenguin enemithende yesilevu. Amakoloni awo amakhulu okuzalanisa aseziQhingini zaseSouth Sandwich naseziQhingini zaseNingizimu Shetland. Iphinde izalela eNhlonhlweni yase-Antarctic.

I-chinstrap penguin ithola igama layo ngenxa yezimpawu zentamo edonsa amehlo: umugqa omnyama ogobile kungemuva elimhlophe, okukhumbuza itomu. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko i-Antarctic krill. Njengawo wonke amaphengwini alolu hlobo, le penguin ende yakha isidleke ngamatshe futhi izalela amaqanda amabili. Abazali be-Chinstrap penguin bayashintshana ngokuzalanisa nokuzalela ezindaweni ezingenaqhwa ogwini. UNovemba yisikhathi sokuzala futhi lapho enezinyanga ezimbili kuphela ubudala, amaphuphu ampunga asevele eshintshanisa izimpaphe zawo ezindala. I-Chinstrap penguin ithanda izindawo zokuzalela ezingenaqhwa emadwaleni nasemithambekeni.

Isitoko asibhekwa njengesisengozini. Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lubeka inani labantu emhlabeni wonke kumaphengwini ama-chinstrap amadala kusukela ngo-2020. Nokho, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi izinombolo zesitoko ziyehla.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

ama-penguins

I-Gentoo Penguin (I-Pygoscelis i-papua) kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-red-billed penguin. Izalela e-Antarctic Peninsula naseziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-Antarctic. Kodwa-ke, ikoloni elikhulu le-gentoo penguin lihlala ngaphandle kwe-Antarctic Convergence Zone. Itholakala e-Falkland Islands.

I-Gentoo penguin iqanjwe ngezingcingo zayo ezinokhahlo, ezihlabayo. Iwuhlobo lwesithathu lwepenguin phakathi kohlobo lwepenguin onomsila omude. Amaqanda amabili nesidleke samatshe nakho kuyimpahla yakhe enkulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaphuphu e-gentoo penguin ashintsha izimpaphe zawo kabili. Kanye kusukela emntwaneni kwehle kuye kwezinsiba ezisencane eneminyaka engaba yinyanga eyodwa futhi eneminyaka eyizinyanga ezine ukuya ezimpahleni ezindala. I-gentoo penguin ithanda izinga lokushisa elifudumele, izindawo zokuzalela eziyisicaba futhi ijabule ngotshani obuphakeme njengendawo yokucasha. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwayo ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic kungase kuhlobene nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lubeka inani labantu emhlabeni wonke lika-2019 ezilwaneni ezikhulile ezingama-774.000 kuphela. Noma kunjalo, i-gentoo penguin ayibhekwa njengesengozini, njengoba usayizi wesibalo sabantu uchazwe njengezinzile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

amaphengwini egolide

I-golden crested penguin (I-Eudyptes chrysolophus) futhi lihamba ngegama elihlekisayo elithi macaroni penguin. Ikhanda layo lezinwele elimahliphihliphi ngokusagolide nokuphuzi wuphawu lokuthengisa olucacile lwalolu hlobo lwephengwini. Njengoba inobude obungaba ngu-70 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingamakhilogremu angu-5, ifana nobukhulu bepenguin ende, kodwa iyingxenye yohlobo lwamapenguin acwebile.

Isikhathi sokuzalela samaphengwini egolide siqala ngo-Okthoba. Zibekela amaqanda amabili, elikhulu nelinye elincane. Iqanda elincane liphambi kwelikhulu futhi lisebenza njengesivikelo kulo. Amaphengwini amaningi ane-golden-crested azalela e-sub-Antarctic, isibonelo eCooper Bay esiqhingini esingaphansi kwe-Antarctic INingizimu Georgia. Kukhona nekoloni lokuzalela eNhlonhlweni yase-Antarctic. Amaphengwini ambalwa ane-golden-crested ngaphandle kwe-Antarctic Convergence Zone e-Falkland Islands. Zithanda ukuzalela lapho phakathi kwamaphengwini e-rockhopper futhi ngezinye izikhathi aze ahlangane nawo.

Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lufake kuhlu lwe-golden crested penguin njengeVulnerable ngo-2020. Ngonyaka ka-2013, isitokwe somhlaba wonke sezilwane ezizalayo ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-12 sinikezwa. Inani labantu liyancipha kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zokuzalanisa. Nokho, izinombolo eziqondile zentuthuko yamanje azitholakali.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

Amaphengwini e-Southern rockhopper

I-Southern Rockhopper Penguin (I-Eudyptes chrysocome) ulalela igama elithi "Rockhopper" ngesiNgisi. Leli gama libhekisela ezenzweni ezimangalisayo zokuqwala lezi zinhlobo zamaphengwini azenzayo lapho ziya ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo. I-southern rockhopper penguin ingenye yezinhlobo ezincane zepenguin ezinobude obungaba ngu-50cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingama-3,5kg.

I-southern rockhopper penguin ayizaleli e-Antarctica kodwa e-sub-Antarctic eziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-Antarctic njengeCrozet Islands kanye ne-Kerguelen Archipelago. Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctic Convergence Zone, izidleke ngobuningi e-Falkland Islands futhi ngamanani amancane eziqhingini zase-Australia naseNew Zealand. Njengawo wonke ama-penguin ama-crested, izalela iqanda elilodwa elikhulu nelilodwa elincane, neqanda elincane libekwe phambi kweqanda elikhulu njengesivikelo. Ipenguin ye-rockhopper ingakhulisa amatshwele amabili kaningi kune-golden-crested penguin. Amapenguin e-Rockhopper avame ukuzala phakathi kwama-albatross futhi ancamela ukubuyela esidlekeni esifanayo minyaka yonke.

Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lubeka inani lephenguin laseningizimu emhlabeni wonke kubantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-2020 ngo-2,5. Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu buyancipha futhi izinhlobo zepenguin zifakwe kuhlu njengezisengozini.

Emuva ekuhlaziyeni ama-Penguin ase-Antarctica

 Ungawabona kuphi amaphengwini e-Antarctica?

Ingxenye eyinhloko yezwekazi lase-Antarctic: Kunamakoloni amakhulu ama-Adelie penguin eduze nogu. Ama-Emperor penguin azalela phakathi nezwe eqhweni. Ngakho-ke amakoloni abo kunzima kakhulu ukufinyelela kuwo futhi ngokuvamile angafinyelelwa kuphela ngomkhumbi kuhlanganise nendiza enophephela emhlane.

I-Antarctic Peninsula: Yindawo enothe kakhulu ngezinhlobo zezilwane e-Antarctica. Ngomkhumbi wohambo, unethuba elingcono kakhulu lokubuka amaphengwini e-Adelie, ama-chinstrap penguin nama-gentoo penguin.

I-Snow Hills Island: Lesi siqhingi sase-Antarctic saziwa ngendawo yaso yokuzalanisa i-emperor penguin. Uhambo lwemikhumbi enophephela emhlane lunethuba elicishe libe ngamaphesenti angu-50 lokufinyelela amakoloni, kuye ngezimo zeqhwa.

I-South Shetland Islands: Izivakashi kulezi ziqhingi ezingaphansi kwe-Antarctic zibona ama-chinstrap nama-gentoo penguin. Rarer futhi Adelie noma golden crested penguin.

INingizimu Georgia: Isiqhingi esingaphansi kwe-Antarctic sidume ngamakoloni aso amakhulu ama-king penguin anenani lezilwane ezingaba ngu-400.000. Ophengwini begolide, ama-gentoo penguin kanye nama-chinstrap penguin nawo azalela lapha.

Iziqhingi zaseSouth Sandwich: Ayindawo eyinhloko yokuzalela yama-chinstrap penguin. Amaphengwini ama-Adelie, amaphengwini egolide kanye nama-gentoo penguin nawo ahlala lapha.

I-Kerguelen Archipelago: Lezi ziqhingi ezingaphansi kwe-Antarctic e-Indian Ocean ziyikhaya lamakoloni ama-king penguin, ama-golden-crested penguin kanye nama-rockhopper.