Nā bea polar ma Svalbard: ka moʻolelo me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo

Ehia na bea polar ma Svalbard? I ka pane ʻana i kēia nīnau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano nui like ʻole ma ka pūnaewele i poni ka mea heluhelu: 300 polar bears, 1000 polar bears a me 2600 polar bears - me he mea lā hiki. Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia aia he 3000 polar bear ma Spitsbergen. Ua kākau kekahi hui holo moku kaulana: "E like me ka Norwegian Polar Institute, ʻo ka nui o ka polar bear o Svalbard i kēia manawa he 3500 holoholona."

ʻO nā hewa mālama ʻole, nā hewa unuhi, nā manaʻo manaʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo paʻa paʻa paʻa ke kumu o kēia haunaele. Loaʻa nā ʻōlelo maikaʻi i nā pale kaulike kūʻokoʻa.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia moʻolelo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā ʻo wai ka helu pololei? Maʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo nā moʻolelo maʻamau a me ka nui o nā bea polar ma Svalbard.

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Manaʻo 1: ʻOi aku ka nui o nā bea polar ma mua o nā kānaka ma Svalbard

ʻOiai hiki ke heluhelu mau ʻia kēia ʻōlelo ma ka pūnaewele, ʻaʻole pololei. ʻOiai ʻaʻole noho ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mokupuni ma ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard, no laila nui nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā polar bear ma mua o nā kamaʻāina, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka mokupuni nui o Svalbard a i ʻole ka pae ʻāina holoʻokoʻa.

Ma kahi o 2500 a 3000 mau kānaka e noho ana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Spitsbergen. Noho ka hapa nui o lākou ʻO Longyearbyen, ke kūlanakauhale akau loa i kapa ʻia ma ka honua. Hāʻawi ʻo Statistics Norway i nā kamaʻāina o Svalbard no ka lā mua o Ianuali 2021: Wahi a kēia, ʻo nā Svalbard settlements o Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Barentsburg a me Pyramiden i hui pū ʻia he 2.859 mau kānaka.

Kāohi. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bea polar ma mua o ka poʻe ma Spitsbergen? Inā ʻoe e nīnau iā ʻoe iho i kēia nīnau, a laila ua lohe a heluhelu paha ʻoe ma kahi o 3000 polar bears e noho ana ma Svalbard. Inā ʻo ia ka hihia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pololei ʻoe, akā he moʻolelo hoʻi kēlā.

Loaʻa: ʻAʻohe polar bea ma mua o ka poʻe e noho ana ma Svalbard.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Manaʻo 2: Aia 3000 polar bear ma Svalbard

Ke mau nei kēia helu. Eia naʻe, ʻike koke ka poʻe e nānā i nā puke ʻepekema he hewa ʻōlelo kēia. ʻO ka helu o kahi 3000 polar bears pili i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa o ke Kai Barents, ʻaʻole i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard a ʻaʻole maoli i ka mokupuni nui ʻo Spitsbergen.

lalo Hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ʻo Ursus maritimus (Europe assessment) o ka IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, no ka laʻana: “ Ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ka subpopulation o ke Kai Barents (Norway and Russian Federation) ua manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 3.000 mau kānaka.

ʻO ke kai ʻo Barents kahi kai ʻāpana o ka Moana Arctic. ʻAʻole ʻo Spitsbergen wale nō ke kai ʻo Barents, ʻo ke koena o ka pae moku ʻo Svalbard a me ka ʻāpana hau hau ma ka ʻākau o Spitsbergen, akā ʻo Franz Joseph Land a me nā ʻāpana hau pūʻulu Lūkini. Ke neʻe nei nā bea polar ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka pūʻulu hau, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mamao, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kahi hoʻololi. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka bea polar Sea Barents holoʻokoʻa 1:1 iā Svalbard ʻaʻole pololei.

Loaʻa: Aia ma kahi o 3000 polar bear ma ka ʻāina ʻo Barents Sea.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Helu: Ehia mau bea polar ma Svalbard?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ma kahi o 300 polar bear wale nō e noho ana i loko o nā palena o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard, ma kahi o ʻumi pākēneka o nā bea polar 3000 i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia. ʻAʻole lākou a pau e noho ana ma ka mokupuni nui o Spitsbergen, akā ua laha ʻia ma nā mokupuni he nui o ka pae ʻāina. No laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā bea polar ma Svalbard ma mua o kekahi mau pūnaewele i manaʻoʻiʻo ai ʻoe. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i nā mākaʻikaʻi nā manawa kūpono Nānā i nā bea polar ma Svalbard.

Loaʻa: Aia ma kahi o 300 polar bear ma ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard, aia pū kekahi me ka mokupuni nui o Spitsbergen.

Ma waho aʻe o nā bea polar ma kahi o 300 i loko o nā palena o Svalbard, aia kekahi mau polar bear ma ka ʻāpana hau ʻāʻī ma ka ʻākau o Svalbard. ʻO ka nui o kēia mau polar bear ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka hau ua manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 700 polar bears. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohui pū i nā waiwai ʻelua, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kumu e hāʻawi ai kekahi mau kumu i ka helu o 1000 polar bears no Svalbard.

Loaʻa: Ma kahi o 1000 mau bea polar e noho ana ma ka ʻāina a puni Spitsbergen (Svalbard + ʻāhi hau ʻākau).

ʻAʻole lawa ka pololei iā ʻoe? ʻAʻole mākou. Ma ka ʻāpana aʻe e ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o nā bea polar ma Svalbard a me ke Kai Barents e like me nā puke ʻepekema.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻEhia ka nui o nā bea polar e noho nei ma Svalbard?

ʻElua mau helu polar bear nui ma Svalbard i ka makahiki 2004 a me 2015: kēlā me kēia mai ʻAukake 01 a hiki i ʻAukake 31. I nā makahiki ʻelua, ua ʻimi ʻia nā mokupuni o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard a me ka ʻāpana hau hau ʻākau e ka moku a me ka helikopter.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu helu 2015 he 264 polar bear e noho ana ma Svalbard. Eia naʻe, no ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i kēia helu, pono ʻoe e ʻike pehea e hōʻike ai nā ʻepekema iā lākou iho. Inā heluhelu ʻoe i ka puke pili, ʻōlelo ʻia "264 (95% CI = 199 - 363) bea". 'O ia ho'i, 'o ka helu 264, ke kani pololei loa, 'a'ole ia he huahelu pololei, akā, pololei ka 'awelika o kahi kuhi he 95% ka pololei.

Loaʻa: I ʻAukake 2015, no ka hoʻopuka pololei ʻana i ka ʻepekema, aia ka 95 pakeneka aia ma waena o 199 a me 363 mau polar bear i loko o nā palena o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard. ʻO ka awelika he 264 polar bears no Svalbard.

ʻO kēia nā mea maoli. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o kēlā. Pela no na bea polar i ka hau o ka akau. Ua paʻi ʻia ka awelika o 709 polar bear. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka ʻike piha ma ka puke ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka helu maoli.

Loaʻa: Ma ʻAukake 2015, me ka nui o 95 pakeneka, aia ma waena o 533 a me 1389 mau polar bear ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa a puni Spitsbergen (Svalbard + ʻāpana hau ʻākau o ka ʻāina). ʻO ka hopena maʻamau i ka huina o 973 polar bears.

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ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻEhia ka nui o nā bea polar ma ke Kai Barents?

I ka makahiki 2004, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o ka bea polar e komo pū me Franz Josef Land a me nā wahi hau hau o Rūsia me Svalbard. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ke koho i ka heluna nui o ka bea pola ma ke Kai Barents. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i ʻae nā luna Lūkini i ka ʻae ʻana no 2015, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā hou ʻia ka ʻāpana Lūkini o ka māhele māhele.

Mai ka makahiki 2004 mai ka ikepili hope loa e pili ana i ka nui o ka bea polar ma ke Kai Barents: ʻo ka awelika i paʻi ʻia he 2644 polar bears.

ʻIke ʻia: Me ka 95 pakeneka o ka hiki, ʻo ka subpopulation o ke Kai Barents i ʻAukake 2004 aia ma waena o 1899 a me 3592 polar bears. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mean o 2644 polar bears no ke Kai Barents.

I kēia manawa ua maopopo kahi i hele mai ai nā helu kiʻekiʻe no Svalbard e hoʻolaha nei ma ka Pūnaewele. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, ua hoʻololi hewa kekahi mau mea kākau i ke kiʻi no ke Kai Barents holoʻokoʻa iā Svalbard 1:1. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka awelika ma kahi o 2600 polar bears e hoʻopuni pinepine ʻia i 3000 holoholona. I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka manaʻo o ke Kai Barents (3592 polar bears), no laila ua ʻike koke ʻia kahi 3500 a i ʻole 3600 polar bears no Svalbard.

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Ehia na bea polar ma ka honua?

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea a pau, pono e haʻi pōkole ʻia ke kūlana ʻikepili no ka polar bear ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, he mea hoihoi ia ke ʻike aia he 19 polar bear subpopulations ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Noho kekahi o lākou ma ke Kai Barents, a me Spitsbergen pū kekahi.

lalo Ursus maritimus Ka IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 Ua kākau ʻia: "ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā koho hope loa no nā subpopulations 19 [...] i ka huina o 26.000 polar bears (95% CI = 22.000 -31.000)."

Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi aia ka huina ma waena o 22.000 a me 31.000 polar bear ma ka honua. ʻO ka awelika heluna kanaka o ka honua he 26.000 polar bears. Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi mau subpopulations ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kūlana ʻikepili a ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka subpopulation o ka Arctic Basin. No kēia kumu, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka helu ma ke ʻano he kuhi koʻikoʻi loa.

Loaʻa: Aia he 19 polar bear subpopulations ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi no kekahi subpopulations. Ma muli o ka ʻikepili i loaʻa, ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o 22.000 a 31.000 polar bear ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Nānā: He liʻiliʻi paha nā bea polar ma Svalbard ma mua o ka wā ma mua?

Ma muli o ka hahai holoholona nui ʻana i nā kenekulia 19 a me 20, ua emi ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard. ʻAʻole hiki i ka makahiki 1973 ke kau inoa ʻia ka ʻaelike no ka mālama ʻana i nā Bea Polar. Mai ia manawa mai, mālama ʻia ka bea polar ma nā wahi o Norewai. A laila ua ho'ōla nui ka heluna kanaka a ua ulu nui, ʻoi aku a hiki i ka makahiki 1980. No kēia kumu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bea polar ma Svalbard i kēia lā ma mua o ka wā ma mua.

Loaʻa: ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā bea polar e ʻimi ʻia ma nā wahi o Norewai mai ka makahiki 1973. ʻO ia ke kumu i ola hou ai ka heluna kanaka a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bea polar ma Svalbard ma mua.

Inā hoʻohālikelike ʻoe i nā hopena no ka heluna bea polar ma Svalbard i ka makahiki 2004 me 2015, ʻike ʻia ua piʻi iki ka helu i kēia manawa. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka piʻi ʻana.

Ke hopohopo nei e emi hou ana ka nui o ka bea polar ma Svalbard. ʻO ka ʻenemi hou ka hoʻomehana honua. Ke ʻike nei nā bea polar kai ʻo Barents i ka nalowale wikiwiki loa o ka noho ʻana o ka hau kai o nā 19 subpopulations i ʻike ʻia ma ka Arctic (Laidre et al. 2015; Stern & Laidre 2016). ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, i ka helu ʻana o ʻAukake 2015, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike ua alakaʻi mua kēia i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka.

ʻIke ʻia: E ʻike ʻia inā e emi ana ka nui o nā bea polar ma Svalbard ma muli o ka hoʻomehana honua. Ua ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka hau kai ma ke Kai Barents, akā i ka makahiki 2015 ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā helu bea polar.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Nā hoʻololi: No ke aha ʻaʻole pololei ka ʻikepili?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka helu ʻana i nā bea polar. No ke aha mai? Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e poina ʻo nā polar bears he poʻe hahai holoholona e hoʻouka pū i nā kānaka. Pono ka mālama pono a me ka mamao ākea. Ma luna aʻe o nā mea a pau, ua uhi pono ʻia nā bea polar a nui ka wahi, huikau pinepine a paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ke komo. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā bea polar i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma nā wahi noho mamao, e hana ana i nā helu helu ma ia mau wahi ke kumukūʻai a maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia ke ʻano o ka wā ʻike ʻole o ka High Arctic.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo pololei ʻia ka nui o nā bea polar. ʻAʻole helu ʻia ka nui o nā bea polar, akā he waiwai i helu ʻia mai ka ʻikepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā probabilities. Ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ʻaʻole helu pinepine ʻia a lilo koke ka ʻikepili i ka wā kahiko. ʻO ka nīnau e pili ana i ka nui o nā bea polar ma Spitsbergen i pane ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai nā helu pololei.

Hoʻomaopopo: He paʻakikī ka helu ʻana i nā bea polar. ʻO nā helu bea polar kahi koho ma muli o ka ʻikepili ʻepekema. ʻO ka helu hope loa i paʻi ʻia ma ʻAukake 2015 a no laila ua pau kēia. (mai ʻAukake 2023)

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

ʻEpekema: Pehea ʻoe e helu ai i nā bea polar?

Hāʻawi ka wehewehe ʻana iā ʻoe i kahi ʻike liʻiliʻi i nā ʻano hana ʻepekema i ka wā o ka helu ʻana i ka polar bear ma Svalbard ma 2015 (J. Aars et. al, 2019). E ʻoluʻolu e hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano hana ma ke ʻano maʻalahi loa a ʻaʻole i pau ka ʻike. ʻO ka manaʻo wale nō ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi manaʻo o ka paʻakikī o ke ala e loaʻa ai nā kuhi i hāʻawi ʻia ma luna.

1. Huina huina = Helu Maoli

Ma nā wahi maʻalahi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu piha o nā holoholona e nā ʻepekema ma o ka helu maoli ʻana. Hiki paha kēia, no ka laʻana, ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi loa a i ʻole ma nā wahi palahalaha a maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻia. I ka makahiki 2015, helu pilikino nā kānaka ʻepekema i 45 polar bears ma Svalbard. Ua nānā ʻia a hōʻike ʻia he 23 mau bea polar e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma Svalbard a ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i helu ʻia kēia mau polar bear e lākou. Eia kekahi, he 4 mau polar bear i ʻike ʻole ʻia e kekahi, akā e ʻaʻahu ana i nā kola satellite. Ua hōʻike kēia aia lākou ma kahi o ka haʻawina i ka manawa o ka helu. He 68 mau bea polar i helu ʻia me kēia ʻano hana i loko o nā palena o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard.

2. Nā Kūlana Laina = Helu Maoli + Manaʻo

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā laina ma kekahi mau mamao a lele ʻia e ka helikopter. Ua helu ʻia nā bea pola a pau i ʻike ʻia ma ke ala. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ka mamao o lākou mai ka laina i wehewehe mua ʻia. Mai kēia ʻikepili, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke koho a helu i ka nui o nā polar bear ma ia wahi.

I ka helu ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia he 100 polar bear, 14 makuahine me hoʻokahi keiki a me 11 makuahine me ʻelua keiki. ʻO 2696 mika ka lōʻihi kūʻokoʻa. Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka bea ma ka ʻāina ma mua o ka bea i loko o ka hau hau a hoʻoponopono i ka helu e like me ia. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano, ua helu ʻia nā bea polar 161. Eia naʻe, e like me kā lākou helu ʻana, hāʻawi ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka huina helu no nā wahi i uhi ʻia e nā laina laina e like me 674 (95% CI = 432 – 1053) polar bears.

3. Nā mea hoʻololi kōkua = kuhi ma muli o ka ʻikepili mua

Ma muli o ke kūlana ʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia. ʻO kahi kumu maʻamau, no ka laʻana, ka noe mānoanoa. No kēia kumu, pono e hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o nā bea polar i ʻike ʻia inā i helu ʻia. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā wahi telemetry satellite o nā bea polar i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi transmitter ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi kōkua. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea helu ratio no ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā bea polar i ʻike ʻia.

Ka ʻimi ʻana: Ka helu helu ma nā wahi i kaupalena ʻia + helu a me ka helu ʻana ma nā wahi nui ma o nā transects laina + hoʻohālikelike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi kōkua no nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke helu = ka huina o nā bea pola.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Ma hea kahi e ʻike ai ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā bea pola ma Svalbard?

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā bea polar ma Svalbard ma mua o nā pūnaewele he nui i kuhi hewa ʻole, ʻo ka pae ʻāina ʻo Svalbard kahi wahi maikaʻi loa no ka polar bear safaris. ʻOi aku ma kahi huakaʻi waʻa lōʻihi ma Svalbard, loaʻa i nā mākaʻikaʻi ka manawa maikaʻi loa e nānā pono i nā bea polar i ka nahele.

Wahi a kahi noiʻi a ka Norwegian Polar Institute ma Svalbard mai 2005 a 2018, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā bea polar ma ke komohana ʻākau o ka mokupuni nui o Spitsbergen: ʻoi aku ma kahi o Raudfjord. ʻO nā wahi ʻē aʻe me nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike ʻana ʻo ia ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Nordaustlandet Alanui Hinlope a ʻo nā Mokupuni ʻo Barentsøya. Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi he nui, ʻo 65% o nā polar bear a pau i ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi me ka uhi ʻole o ka hau. (O. Bengtsson, 2021)

ʻIke pilikino: I loko o ʻumikūmālua lā Ka holo ʻana ma ka ʻUhane Kai ma Svalbard, Ua hiki iā AGE™ ke nānā i ʻeiwa polar bears i ʻAukake 2023. ʻOiai ka ʻimi ikaika ʻana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou kekahi polar bear ma ka mokupuni nui o Spitsbergen. ʻAʻole hoʻi ma ka Raudfjord kaulana. Noho mau ka Nature a ʻaʻole ʻo High Arctic he zoo. Ma ke kowa o Hinlopen ua ukuia makou no ko makou ahonui: iloko o ekolu la, ike makou i ewalu polar bear ma na mokupuni like ole. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Barentsøya ua ʻike mākou i ka polar bear helu 9. Ua ʻike mākou i ka hapa nui o nā polar bear ma ka ʻāina pōhaku, hoʻokahi ma ka mauʻu uliuli, ʻelua i ka hau a hoʻokahi ma kahi kahakai hau.

Hoʻi i ka ʻike

Alakaʻi huakaʻi ʻo Svalbard • Nā holoholona o ka Arctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • ʻEhia ka nui o ka polar bear ma Svalbard? • E nana i na bea polar ma Svalbard

Hoolaha & Kuleana kope

Puna no: Ehia na bea polar ma Svalbard?