Umhlahlandlela Wokuhamba we-Svalbard: Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet, Edgeøya...
Umhlahlandlela wokuvakasha waseSvalbard unikeza izithombe, amaqiniso, ulwazi mayelana: Spitsbergen, isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi futhi okuyisona kuphela esihlalwa unomphela. Inhlokodolobha" longyearbyen, elibhekwa njengedolobha elisenyakatho kakhulu emhlabeni. Nordaustland, isiqhingi sesibili ngobukhulu eziqhingini zaseSvalbard. I-Edgeøya (Edge Island) eyesithathu ngobukhulu futhi I-Barentsøya (Barents Island) isiqhingi sesine ngobukhulu e-Arctic archipelago. Siphinde sibike ngokuphawula kwethu kwezilwane ku-Arctic ecosystem. Ezinye izindawo okugxilwe kuzo zihlanganisa izilwane zasendle, izitshalo, izinguzunga zeqhwa kanye nezindawo zamasiko. Sibika ikakhulukazi ngezilwane ezilandelayo zase-Arctic: amabhere amhlophe, ama-reindeer, izimpungushe zase-arctic, ama-walrus nezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. E-Svalbard sakwazi ukubona amakhosi ase-Arctic: amabhere amhlophe aphila!
Umhlahlandlela wokuvakasha wase-Svalbard: amaqiniso ayi-10 nge-Svalbard
Ulwazi mayelana neqoqo leziqhingi zaseSvalbard
• indawo: ISvalbard iyiqembu leziqhingi ezise-Arctic Ocean. Ilele cishe uhhafu phakathi kweNorway neNorth Pole, nezwe laseNorway cishe amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ukuya eningizimu kanye neNorth Pole ecishe ibe yinkulungwane yamakhilomitha ukuya enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukwazi ukuthi iSvalbard ngokwendawo iyingxenye ye-High Arctic. I-AgeTM ine-Arctic Archipelago ne Expedition umkhumbi Sea Spirit uvakashelwe.
• Islands: I-Svalbard iqukethe iziqhingi neziqhingi eziningi: iziqhingi ezinkulu ezinhlanu Spitsbergen, Nordaustland, Edgeøya, Barentsøya and Kvitøya. I-Strait ephakathi kwesiqhingi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen nesiqhingi sesibili ngobukhulu iNordaustlandet ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Hinlopen Strait.
• ukuphatha: I-Svalbard ibuswa iSivumelwano Sase-Svalbard sika-1920 futhi ilawulwa yiNorway. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokho, kufaka phakathi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba obanzi wabalingani bezinkontileka. Ngokwesibonelo, lesi sivumelwano sithi zonke izinhlangothi ezinenkontileka zinamalungelo alinganayo emisebenzi yezomnotho esifundeni nokuthi iSvalbard kufanele isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokuthula. Ngakho-ke leli qoqo leziqhingi lijabulela isimo esikhethekile esinokuzimela okubanzi.
• ucwaningo, IBergbau futhi umkhomo: Umlando kaSvalbard ubonakala ngokuzingela, ukudoba imikhomo kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini. Imayini yamalahle isaqhutshwa eSpitsbergen nanamuhla. Kodwa ucwaningo luphinde ludlale indima ebalulekile e-Svalbard Archipelago, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zocwaningo lwesimo sezulu kanye nezifundo ze-polar. Ku Ny-Ålesund Kunesikhungo socwaningo esinososayensi abavela emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. I-Global Seed Vault yaseSvalbard, ebhekwa njengomkhumbi kaNowa wezitshalo wanamuhla, nayo iseSvalbard, eduze kakhulu nendawo enkulu yokuhlala. longyearbyen. Isiteshi socwaningo sangaphambili Kinnvika esiqhingini saseNordaustlandet ingavakashelwa njengendawo elahlekile.
Ulwazi mayelana nesiqhingi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen
• Spitsbergen: I Spitsbergen Island iyisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Svalbard archipelago futhi iyindawo edumile yezazi zemvelo kanye nezihambi. Isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke singaphakathi longyearbyen. I-Spitsbergen yayiyisiqalo sohambo oluningi lwase-polar. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu uRoald Amundsen, owasuka eSvalbard waya eNorth Pole ngendiza. Namuhla iSvalbard iyindawo ethandwayo yokuvakashela izivakashi ezifuna ukubona izinguzunga zeqhwa namabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo.
• inhlokodolobha: Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke eSvalbard longyearbyen, ebhekwa "njengenhloko-dolobha" yaseSvalbard kanye "nedolobha elisenyakatho kakhulu emhlabeni". Iningi lezakhamuzi zaseSvalbard ezingaba ngu-2.700 lihlala lapha. Izakhamuzi zaseSvalbard zijabulela amalungelo athile akhethekile, njengokukhululwa enteleni nekhono lokuhlala nokusebenza endaweni ngaphandle kwe-visa noma imvume yokusebenza.
• ezokuvakasha: Eminyakeni yamuva, ezokuvakasha e-Svalbard ziye zanda njengoba abahambi abaningi befuna ukubona indawo eyingqayizivele ye-Arctic nezilwane zasendle. Kuzo zonke izivakashi, uhambo luqala eLongyearbyen esiqhingini esikhulu saseSvalbard. Imisebenzi edumile ihlanganisa ukuhamba eqhweni, ukushushuluza inja nokuhamba eqhweni ebusika kanye nokuvakasha kwe-Zodiac, ukugibela izintaba nokubuka izilwane zasendle ehlobo. Uhambo olude lukunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokubona amabhere amhlophe.
Ulwazi mayelana nemvelo kanye nezilwane zasendle
• air conditioning: I-Svalbard inesimo sezulu esishisayo esinobusika obubanda kakhulu nehlobo elipholile. Amazinga okushisa angehla aze afike ku-30 degrees Celsius ebusika. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuye kwaphawuleka kakhulu.
• yeqhwa: ISvalbard imbozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa eziningi. Njengoba inendawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-8.492, i-Austfonna iyiqhwa elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu.
• phakathi kwamabili ilanga & ubusuku be-polar: Ngenxa yendawo ekuyo, ungathola ilanga laphakathi kwamabili e-Svalbard ehlobo: bese ilanga likhanya amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Nokho, ebusika kukhona ubusuku obupholile.
• Izilwane zase-Arctic: I-Svalbard yaziwa ngezilwane zayo ezicebile zasendle, ezihlanganisa amabhere amhlophe, ama-reindeer, izimpungushe zase-arctic, ama-walrus nezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Amabhere amhlophe angamakhosi ase-Arctic futhi angabonwa e-Svalbard Archipelago futhi abhekwe kude.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-Svalbard iyindawo eyingqayizivele neyinselele edinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ngenxa yezimo zayo ezimbi kakhulu nokuba kude. Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yendawo kanye neziqondiso zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuhlangana nezilwane zasendle njengamabhere amhlophe.