Hanyoyi a bayan al'amuran a cikin gidan kankara na halitta Tyrol

A tashar tsaunin Hintertux Glacier, mai nisan mita 3250 sama da matakin teku shine tasha ta ƙarshe. Yankin ski na Austriya na duk shekara yana nan. Koyaya, dole ne mu jinkirta fitaccen ra'ayi na panoramic har sai daga baya. Yana da hadari a yau kuma ganuwa ba komai. Amma fadar kankara ta halitta kuma ita ce kyakkyawar makoma a lokacin hadari. Muddin tsayayyen gondolas na Zillertaler Gletscherbahn yana aiki, kasada tana jira.

Ba tare da iska ba, a madaidaicin sifilin digiri Celsius kuma har zuwa mita 35 a ƙasa da gangaren kankara, fadar kankara ta halitta tana ba da hangen nesa na shimfidar ƙanƙara mai ban sha'awa. Matakai da tsani suna jagorantar baƙi ta hanyar kankara da dakuna masu matakai daban-daban, ƙanƙara mai tsayin mita da tafkin dusar ƙanƙara.

• Na masu gyaran dusar ƙanƙara da binciken dusar ƙanƙara
• Gano Halin Fadar Kankara
• Mafi zurfin bincike shaft glacier

• Tafkin glacial karkashin kasa
• Rikodin duniya a wasan ninkaya na kankara
• Lankwasa Ice Pillars

Daga manyan masu gyaran dusar ƙanƙara da bincike kan dusar ƙanƙara

Amma a yau mun fara neman mafaka a cikin ƙaramin akwati mai zafi a Natursport Tirol. Yayin da muke jiran fadar kankara ta halitta ta bude mana kofofinta, muna sa ran samun labarai masu kayatarwa. Hankali a bayan al'amuran da hannun farko.

Mista Erler yana hulɗa da ma'aikatansa ta hanyar rediyo. "Dole ne mu fara share hanya," ya sanar da mu. Yau yaran sun kai kirjinsu cikin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara kuma suna kan hanyar shiga. Da murmushi ya kara da cewa: "Wannan dusar ƙanƙara ce kawai". Tare da sabon dusar ƙanƙara da guguwa, dusar ƙanƙara mai tsayin mita goma na iya haifar da sauri da binne ƙofar. Samun damar zuwa Fadar Ice ta Halitta galibi ana sake toshe shi kyauta tare da masu gyaran dusar ƙanƙara. Wani lokaci sai an nemi zauren shiga da dusar ƙanƙara kuma a yanzu da kuma fashewar ya zama dole don keta dusar ƙanƙara.

Kiyaye Kogon Kankara yana da hannu fiye da yadda muke zato. "Kogon Glacier", gyara Mr. Erler. Abin da yake ko ta yaya iri ɗaya ne ga ɗan dakika shine muhimmin bambanci ga gwani. Kogon kankara wani kogon dutse ne wanda a cikinsa akwai kankara na dindindin. Kogon glacial kogon kankara ne.

Kyakkyawan daidaituwa: Gano gidan sarautar kankara

Roman Erler ya gano Natur-Eis-Paast a cikin 2007 ta hanyar haɗari. Ana iya karanta wannan a cikin labarai da yawa kuma kuma akan gidan yanar gizon "Natursport Tirol", kasuwancin dangin Roman Erler. Amma ta yaya mutum zai yi tunanin wannan daidaituwar? Yawo yai sannan ya tsaya gaban kofar? A'a, ba haka ba ne mai sauƙi bayan duk. Kamar yadda tsohuwar magana ta ce, sa'a yana fifita jarumi. Kuma haka abin ya kasance a nan, domin in ba tare da wani yanki na hankali, ilimi da himma ba, da ba a taɓa gano gidan sarautar kankara ba.

"Slope no. 5 a cikin Hintertux Glacier ski area shine tudu mafi tsayi da ba a san komi ba," in ji Mista Erler. A gaskiya, wannan ba ma'ana ba ne. Saboda motsin dusar ƙanƙara, ya kamata a sami ɓarke ​​​​a wurin. Sa'an nan kuma, a cikin watan Agustan 2007, ba zato ba tsammani ya lura da wani rata na 10 cm a bangon kankara wanda ba a taɓa gani ba. Wasu kuma suka ruga ba tare da sun kula ba, amma sha’awar sa ta tashi. Dariya Roman Erler ya ce: "Na sami 'yan abubuwa da dama da gangan."

Mutanen Zillertal sun saba da glaciers. A matsayinsa na mai ceton tsaunin, ya kuma ceci mutane daga wani rudani. Don haka sai ya dawo da kayansa ya hau wannan sabon ramin da aka gani. A cikin hasken tocilan nasa, tazarar da ba a iya gane ta ba ta bude abin mamaki. Yaya girman rami a bayansa? Mai binciken sai ya bude kurwar tare da na'urar matsewar iska don manne ramukan.

Da farko kuma game da ko wasanni na hunturu sama da kogon glacier har yanzu suna da lafiya. A al'ada kuna fitar da mutane daga cikin rudani. Tun da farko ba a shirya kai mutane cikin wannan kogon kankara ba.

Mafi zurfin binciken glacier a duniya

Roman Erler ba kawai ya gano kuma ya buɗe gidan sarauta na halitta ba, ya kuma kori mafi zurfin bincike na glacier a duniya har zuwa yau a cikin Glacier Hintertux. Da kaina kuma sama da shekaru da yawa. Roman Erler ya riga ya hako kowane milimita. "Tare da rawar soja na 12mm 80cm," in ji shi, idanunsa suna haskakawa. "Kuma wannan abu ne mai kyau." Sau ɗaya, yayin da ake hakowa, ba zato ba tsammani ya faɗo tare da bit ɗin. Ya tona rami da ruwa da iska mai iska. Ya yi huci sannan sai wani marmaro na ruwan kankara mai tsayin mita ya harbo zuwa gare shi.

Bayan haka shaft yana ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kafin a sake jefar da shi babu komai, amma ya yi aiki. Hanyoyin da ba a san su ba a baya kuma masu cike da ruwa da ke reshe daga ramin an kuma kwashe su. Ba a taɓa shi ba kuma wuri mai ban sha'awa don bincike. Sakamakon sabon haske ne game da tsari da yanayin glacier. A yau shingen bincike ya kai ƙasa. Yana da zurfin mita 52 kuma yana farawa kimanin mita 20 a ƙasa. Shagon yana kusa da faɗin mita 3 a cikin wuraren sama kuma kusan mita ɗaya a diamita a ƙasa. Masu yawon bude ido kuma za su iya kallon ciki yayin ziyarar jagora na Fadar Ice ta Halitta.

Wasan wasa: A watan Disamba na 2019, Christian Redl na Austriya ya kafa sabon rikodin duniya a cikin 'yantar da ruwa a cikin wannan tudu. A cikin ruwan kankara a rage 0,6 ° C kuma a tsayin mita 3200, ya nutsar da zurfin mita 23 tare da numfashi daya kacal.

Tafkin glacial karkashin kasa

Tafkin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Fadar Ice na Halitta yana da tsayin mita 50 kuma har zuwa zurfin mita 22. Yawancin hanyoyin gudanarwa sun zama dole kafin a amince da balaguron jirgin ruwa na masu yawon bude ido. Tafkin yana tsakiyar dusar ƙanƙara, kusan mita 30 a ƙarƙashin gangaren kankara, ƙanƙara ya kewaye shi. "Wataƙila za ku iya tunanin abin da ke faruwa a wurin," in ji Roman Erler, kuma an rubuta sha'awar aikin nasa a duk fuskarsa.

Ruwan a bayyane yake. Dangane da abin da ya faru na haske, ya dubi duhu ko turquoise blue. Ramin ƙanƙara ya miƙe sama da shi. Tunani da gaskiya sun haɗu kusan ba tare da matsala ba. Kyawawa. Na musamman. Ban sha'awa. Amma ka tabbata? Muna son ƙarin sani kuma mu yi tambaya: “Shin tsayin tafkin yana canzawa saboda ruwan sama ko narkewa?” “Shin zai iya zama haɗari?” Mista Erler zai iya kwantar mana da hankali. Akwai ambaliya.

Amma ta yaya wannan tafkin sabon abu ya faru? Mun riga mun koyi cewa Hintertux Glacier dusar ƙanƙara ce mai sanyi. Wannan yana nufin cewa zafinsa na ƙanƙara a ƙasan glacier ya yi ƙasa da sifili ma'aunin celcius ta yadda babu ruwan ruwa a can. Ƙasar glacier na irin wannan glacier ba shi da ruwa. Ruwan ruwa yana taruwa a cikin ramuka sama da wannan yanki. Haka aka samu wannan tabki na glacial.

Duk da haka, lokacin da aka gano shi, magudanar ruwa gaba ɗaya tana ƙarƙashin ruwa. Tawagar Roman Erler ta fasa wani yanki na kankara tare da haifar da ambaliya. Wannan ya daidaita matakin ruwa. Yanzu baƙi za su iya yin mamakin tafkin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin jirgin ruwa na roba ko kuma yayin da suke yin kifaye. Banda haka, ana kuma ba da izini na nutsewar ruwa, in ji Roman Erler. A makon da ya gabata, masu nutso daga sashen kashe gobara sun kasance a cikin tafkin glacial.

Rikodin duniya a wasan ninkaya na kankara

Duk da yake nutsewar ruwa ya kasance banbanta, masu iyo kan kankara kusan sune ka'ida a Fadar Ice ta Halitta. "Yana da wuya a yarda da yawan masu ninkaya kankara," in ji Mista Erler. Yanzu ya san mafi kyawun mafi kyau.

A cikin 2021, Josef Köberl ya ninka kilomita 1,5 a cikin mintuna 38 a cikin tafkin glacial na Natur-Eis-Palast. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin nisan ƙanƙara da ake so (kusan mita 1609), duk da haka, Josef Köberl dole ne ya rabu don guje wa hypothermia mai barazana ga rayuwa. Har yanzu, babban nasara. A cikin Disamba 2022, sannan dan wasan ninkaya na kasar Poland Krzysztof Gajewski ya zarce shi, wanda ya kafa sabon tarihi na ban mamaki a cikin ninkaya na kankara a cikin Natur-Eis-Palast: Pole ya isa nisan kankara bayan mintuna 32 sannan ya kara yin iyo. Gabaɗaya, ya yi iyo na mintuna 43 a cikin glacier na Hintertux kuma ya rufe tazarar kilomita 2.

Lankwasa Ice Pillars

Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa da baƙi zuwa Fadar Ice na Halitta za su iya fuskanta kusa a yau shi ne yadda kankara ke ɗaukar matsin lamba. Kankara yana da alama mara ƙarfi kuma mara ƙarfi a gare mu. Idan ka matsa kan kankara, zai karye, ko? A kan yawon shakatawa na Natural Ice Palace za ku ga cewa wannan zato ba daidai ba ne.

Glacier na Hintertux baya tsaye. Amma duk abin da ke faruwa yana faruwa ne a cikin wani nau'i na matsananciyar motsi. Kuma a wannan yanayin, ƙanƙara ba ta amsawa ga matsa lamba daga sama ta hanyar karya, amma ta hanyar lalata. Fantastic kankara sculptures ne sakamakon. ginshiƙan ƙanƙara masu lanƙwasa, gurɓatattun ƙanƙara da murɗaɗɗen zane-zane na kankara daga hannun Master Nature da kansa. Shigo da mamaki shine taken. "Muna da aikin bincike da aikin ilimi," in ji Roman Erler. Kuma za ka iya cewa yana ɗaukan duka biyun da muhimmanci.

Fiye da kilomita daya daga cikin hanyoyin karkashin kasa na kogon glacier yanzu an auna kuma an rubuta su. Mita 640 daga cikinta ana iya samun damar masu yawon bude ido. Tun 2017, abin da ake kira Jubilee Hall shi ma yana buɗe wa masu yawon bude ido. An ƙawata wannan musamman da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara mai tsayin mita da sifofi mai tsayin kankara. Mafarkin kankara!

Bayan shi akwai wasu dakuna biyu da har yanzu ba a bude ga jama'a ba. A halin yanzu ana amfani da su na musamman don bincike. Lokacin da muka tambayi ko an gama bincika kogon glacier, Roman Erler ya amsa da "a'a". An san ƙarin kogo amma har yanzu ba a bincika ba. Da yawa abin mamaki har yanzu yana barci a Fadar Kankara ta Halitta a yau.

Shin dumamar yanayi lamari ne?

Mun damu, amma Roman Erler ya amsa cikin nutsuwa: "Babu ƙarancin ƙanƙara a nan fiye da zamanin Ice". Masanin ilimin glaciologist na jini ba da dadewa ba ya fara girma zuwa masanin tarihi na sha'awa kuma mun koyi cewa akwai bayanai masu ban sha'awa da yawa game da ƙaramin Ice Age a ƙauyen da tarihin coci. A lokacin, damuwar mazaunan ta bambanta sosai. Gilashin kankara sun ci gaba. An yi dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin rani. Ba a iya korar shanun zuwa kiwo sai suka mutu. Akwai yunwa.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, yanayin yanayin ya sake canzawa. A halin yanzu yana samun zafi a cikin Tyrol kuma ana iya ganin canje-canje na farko a cikin kwarin. Amma akwai kuma labari mai daɗi: "A cikin Zillertal akwai glaciers biyu da ke rataye da ke ci gaba kaɗan," in ji Roman Erler. A kan yanayin, wanda ke nuna gaba ɗaya narkewar glaciers.

Godiya ga tsayin daka har zuwa mita 3250, a halin yanzu abubuwa suna da kyau ga Glacier Hintertux. Amma ashe ba a rage dusar ƙanƙara ba a nan saboda sanyin sanyi? "A akasin haka," in ji masanin. Ƙananan sanyi yana nufin ƙarin hazo, don haka ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara don wurare masu tsayi. Duk da haka, lokacin zafi mai zafi yana da mummunar tasiri. "Abin da ya fi dacewa ga dusar ƙanƙara zai kasance sanyi mai sanyi da kuma lokacin rani," in ji Roman Erler.

Baya ga tsayinsa, Hintertux Glacier yana da wani fa'ida fiye da sauran glaciers da ke cikin Alps. Dusar kankara ce mai sanyi kuma irin wannan glacier ba ta da hankali zuwa sauyin yanayi, fiye da yanayin glaciers.Gidan kankara na halitta da ƙanana da manyan abubuwan al'ajabi za su kasance tare da mu na ɗan lokaci kaɗan.

Komawa zuwa bayyani

Shekarun Glacier Hintertux

Yanzu mun san cewa Hintertux Glacier ba zai zama abin da ya wuce na dogon lokaci ba. Amma tun yaushe yake wanzu? Kankara a cikin Hintertux ya samo asali ne daga ƙaramin shekarun Ice kuma yana kusan shekaru 500 zuwa 600. Amma waɗannan su ne yadudduka na ƙanƙara waɗanda a yanzu sun kara ƙasa zuwa kwarin.

Muna tuna cewa ɓangaren sama na Hintertux Glacier yana motsawa a hankali. Tushen ya daskare. Saboda haka, tushe dole ne ya girmi kankara mai girma, wanda a ƙarshe zai ci gaba zuwa ƙananan wuraren tsaunuka. "Kankara mafi tsufa a kimiyyance a Gabashin Alps yana da shekaru 5800," Mista Erler ya sanar da mu.

Amma shekaru nawa ne kankara a cikin Halitta Ice Palace? Shekaru nawa ne mafi ƙanƙanta yadudduka a cikin zurfin bincike na mita 52? Wataƙila ma sun girme su. Wani rikodin? Wataƙila. Amma a halin yanzu dole ne mu yi haƙuri don amsa daidai. Roman Erler ya bayyana da tabbaci cewa: "Har yanzu zawarcin yana buɗewa." Ana ci gaba da ganin sakamakon nan gaba daga masu binciken. Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa.