Polar bears muSvalbard: ngano maringe nechokwadi
Mapere mangani muSvalbard? Pakupindura mubvunzo uyu, hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hunogona kuwanikwa paIndaneti zvokuti muverengi ane dzungu: 300 polar bears, 1000 polar bears uye 2600 polar bears - chero chinhu chinoita sechinokwanisika. Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti kune 3000 polar bears muSpitsbergen. Imwe kambani inosanozivikanwa inofamba nengarava inonyora, kuti: “Maererano neNorwegian Polar Institute, mapere eSvalbard ari mujinga megungwa panguva ino imhuka 3500 XNUMX.”
Zvikanganiso zvekusangwarira, kukanganisa kweshanduro, kufunga kweshuviro uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti kukopa-uye-paste mafungiro angangove ari honzeri yenyonganyonga iyi. Matauriro akanakisa anosangana neakapusa bharanzi mapepa.
Ngano dzose dzine tsanga yechokwadi, asi ndeipi nhamba yakarurama? Pano unogona kuona kuti nei ngano dzakajairika dzisiri dzechokwadi uye kuti mapere mangani ariko chaizvo muSvalbard.
1. Ngano: Kune mabheya akawanda kupfuura vanhu muSvalbard
-> Sei izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi
2. Ngano: Kune 3000 XNUMX mapere muSvalbard
-> Kusanzwisisana kukuru
3. Nhamba: Mapere mangani chaizvo muSvalbard?
-> Mhedziso pfupi
4. Chokwadi: Polar bears muSvalbard, der Gungwa reBarents uye weltweit
-> Zviwanikwa zveSainzi zvakangotsanangurwa
5. Maonero: Kune mapere mashoma muSvalbard kupfuura kare?
-> Positive chiyero uye maonero akakomba
6. Variables: Sei data isiri yechokwadi?
-> Matambudziko kuverenga polar bear
7. Sayenzi: Unoverenga sei polar bears?
-> Masayendisiti anoverenga uye anokoshesa sei
8. Kushanya: Vashanyi vanoona kupi mapere ekuSvalbard?
-> Citizen Sayenzi kuburikidza nevashanyi
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Nhema dzekutanga: Kune mabheya akawanda kupfuura vanhu muSvalbard
Kunyangwe chirevo ichi chinogona kuverengwa nguva dzose online, hachisati chiri chokwadi. Kunyange zvazvo zvitsuwa zvakawanda zvezvitsuwa zveSvalbard zvisingagarwi, zvitsuwa zvidiki zvakawanda chaizvo uye zvine musoro zvine mapere akawanda kupfuura vagari vemo, izvi hazvishandi kuchitsuwa chikuru cheSvalbard kana kuti boka rose rezvitsuwa.
Vanosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu kusvika zviuru zvitatu vanhu vanogara pachitsuwa cheSpitsbergen. Vazhinji vavo vanogara longyearbyen, iro rinonzi guta rokuchamhembe zvikurusa munyika yose. Statistics Norway inopa vagari veSvalbard kwekutanga kwaNdira 2021: Maererano neizvi, misha yeSvalbard yeLongyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Barentsburg nePyramiden pamwe chete yaive ne2.859 vagari vemo.
Mira. Hakuna mabheya akawanda kupfuura vanhu vari muSpitsbergen? Kana uri kuzvibvunza mubvunzo uyu, saka wakambonzwa kana kuverenga kuti mapere anosvika zviuru zvitatu anogara muSvalbard. Kana zvakadaro, unenge wakarurama, asi izvozvowo ingano.
Kuwana: Hakuchina mabheya anopisa kupfuura vanhu vanogara muSvalbard.
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Nhema dzechipiri: Kune mapere 2 3000 muSvalbard
Nhamba iyi inoenderera. Zvisinei, ani naani anotarisa mabhuku esayenzi anokurumidza kuona kuti uku kukanganisa kwemazwi. Huwandu hwemabheya epolar anosvika zviuru zvitatu zvinoshanda munzvimbo yese yeGungwa reBarents, kwete kune zvitsuwa zveSvalbard uye kwete kuchitsuwa chikuru cheSpitsbergen.
pazasi Ursus maritimus (Europe assessment) yeIUCN Red List of Threatened Species inogona kuverengwa, somuenzaniso: “ MuEurope, kuwanda kweGungwa reBarents (Norway neRussian Federation) kunofungidzirwa kuva vanhu vanenge 3.000 XNUMX.”
Gungwa reBarents igungwa rekumucheto kweArctic Ocean. Nzvimbo yeGungwa reBarents inosanganisira kwete chete Spitsbergen, iyo yakasara yeSvalbard Archipelago uye paki yechando dunhu kuchamhembe kweSpitsbergen, asiwo Franz Joseph Land neRussia pack ice nzvimbo. Polar bear dzimwe nguva dzinofamba dzichipfuura nepakati peaizi, asi kureba kwechinhambwe, kashoma kuchinjana kunowedzera. Kuendesa huwandu hwebere remugungwa reBarents Sea 1:1 kuSvalbard hakuna kunaka.
Kuwana: Kune anenge 3000 mabheya munzvimbo yeBarents Sea.
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Nhamba: Mapere mangani chaizvo muSvalbard?
Kutaura zvazviri, mapere anenge 300 chete anogara mukati mezvitsuwa zveSvalbard, anenge gumi muzana emapere 3000 XNUMX anowanzotaurwa nezvawo. Avawo havasi vese vanogara pachitsuwa chikuru cheSpitsbergen, asi vakapararira kune zvitsuwa zvakati wandei muzvitsuwa. Saka kune mapere mashoma paSvalbard pane mamwe mawebhusaiti aungada kuti utende. Zvakadaro, vashanyi vane mikana yakanaka kwazvo Kuona mapere ekuSvalbard.
Kutsvaga: Kune mazana matatu emapere e polar muSvalbard archipelago, iyo inosanganisirawo chitsuwa chikuru cheSpitsbergen.
Pamusoro pemapere angangoita 300 ari mumuganhu weSvalbard, kunewo mapere ari munharaunda yeaizi inotakura vanhu kuchamhembe kweSvalbard. Huwandu hwemabheya aya ari muNorthern pack ice inofungidzirwa kusvika ku700 polar bear. Kana ukawedzera hunhu hwese pamwechete, zvinonzwisisika kuti sei mamwe masosi achipa huwandu hwe1000 polar bears kuSvalbard.
Kuwana: Around 1000 polar bears anogara munharaunda yakapoteredza Spitsbergen (Svalbard + northern pack ice).
Hazvina kunyatsokukwanira iwe? Kwete isuwo. Muchikamu chinotevera uchaona chaizvo kuti mapere mangani ari muSvalbard neGungwa reBarents maererano nezvinyorwa zvesainzi.
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Chokwadi: Mapere mangani anogara muSvalbard?
Paiva nenhamba mbiri dzemabheya makuru muSvalbard muna 2004 uye 2015: imwe neimwe kubva Nyamavhuvhu 01st kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 31st. Mumakore ose ari maviri, zvitsuwa zveSvalbard archipelago uye nzvimbo yeaizi yekuchamhembe zvakasechwa nengarava nechikopokopo.
Census ya2015 yakaratidza kuti mapere 264 anogara muSvalbard. Zvisinei, kuti unyatsonzwisisa nhamba iyi, unofanira kuziva kuti masayendisiti anotaura sei. Kana iwe ukaverenga bhuku rakabatana, rinoti "264 (95% CI = 199 - 363) mapere". Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhamba 264, iyo inonzwika chaizvo, haisi nhamba chaiyo zvachose, asi avhareji yefungidziro ine mukana wekuti 95% ndeyechokwadi.
Kuwana: Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2015, kuti tizviise nenzira yesainzi, pakanga paine mukana we95 muzana wekuti pakanga paine pakati pe199 ne363 mapere mukati memiganhu yeSvalbard Archipelago. Avhareji ndeye 264 polar bears kuSvalbard.
Izvi ndizvo chokwadi. Hazvina kunyatsojeka kupfuura izvozvo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune polar bears muNorthern pack ice. Avhareji ye709 polar bear yakaburitswa. Kana iwe ukatarisa ruzivo rwakazara mubhuku resainzi, nhamba chaiyo inonzwika zvishoma zvishoma.
Kuwana: Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2015, paine mukana we95 muzana, kwaive pakati pe533 ne1389 polar bear munharaunda yese yakapoteredza Spitsbergen (Svalbard + northern pack ice region). Avhareji inoguma muhuwandu hwe973 polar bear.
| Pfupiso ye data yesainzi: 264 (95% CI = 199 - 363) polar bears muSvalbard (kuverenga: Nyamavhuvhu 2015) 709 (95% CI = 334 - 1026) polar bear muNorth pack ice (kuverenga: Nyamavhuvhu 2015) 973 (95% CI = 533 - 1389) polar bears nhamba yose Svalbard + northern pack ice (kuverenga: Nyamavhuvhu 2015) Kwakabva: Huwandu uye kugoverwa kwemapere emapolar kumadokero kweBarents Sea (J. Aars et. al, 2017) |
Chokwadi: Mapere mangani ari muGungwa reBarents?
Muna 2004, kuverengerwa kwebere repa polar kwakawedzerwa kuti kusanganisire Franz Josef Land neRussia pack nzvimbo dzechando kuwedzera kuSvalbard. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kufungidzira huwandu hwebere repapolar muGungwa reBarents. Zvinosuruvarisa, zviremera zveRussia hazvina kupa mvumo ye2015, saka chikamu cheRussia chenzvimbo yekugovera hachina kukwanisa kuongororwa zvakare.
Iyo yekupedzisira data ine chekuita neiyo polar bear subpopulation muGungwa reBarents inobva muna 2004: avhareji yakadhindwa i2644 polar bear.
Kuwana: Nechikamu che95 muzana, kuwanda kweGungwa reBarents muna Nyamavhuvhu 2004 kwaive pakati pe1899 ne3592 polar bear. Kureva kwe2644 polar bears kuGungwa reBarents kunopiwa.
Iye zvino zvave pachena kuti nhamba dzepamusoro dzeSvalbard dziri kutenderera paInternet dzinobva kupi. Sezvatotaurwa, vamwe vanyori vanotamisa zvisizvo nhamba yeGungwa rose reBarents kuenda kuSvalbard 1:1. Pamusoro pezvo, avhareji ye2600 polar bears inowanzotenderedzwa nerupo kumhuka dze3000. Dzimwe nguva kunyange nhamba yepamusoro-soro yefungidziro yeGungwa reBarents (3592 polar bears) inopiwa, zvokuti kamwe kamwe mapere anoshamisa 3500 kana 3600 anocherechedzwa kuSvalbard.
| Pfupiso ye data yesainzi: 2644 (95% CI = 1899 - 3592) polar bear subpopulation yeGungwa reBarents (census: August 2004) Kwakabva: Kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabheya muGungwa reBarents (J. Aars et. al 2009) |
Mapere mangani munyika?
Kuita kuti zvinhu zvese zvijeke, mamiriro edata ehuwandu hwemabheya pasi rese anofanirwa kutaurwawo muchidimbu. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinonakidza kuziva kuti kune 19 polar bear subpopulations pasi rese. Mumwe wavo anogara munharaunda yeGungwa reBarents, iyo inosanganisirawo Spitsbergen.
pazasi Ursus maritimus Iyo IUCN Dzvuku Rondedzero yeZvisikwa Zviri Kutyisidzirwa 2015 Kwakanyorwa kuti: "Kupfupikisa fungidziro dzemazuva ano dzezvikamu gumi nepfumbamwe […] zvinoguma nehuwandu hunosvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvitanhatu zvemapere (19% CI = 26.000 -95)."
Pano zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane mapere ari pakati pe22.000 31.000 ne26.000 XNUMX pasi pano. Avhareji yevanhu pasi rose iXNUMX polar bear. Nekudaro, kune mamwe madiki mamiriro e data haana kunaka uye kuwanda kweArctic Basin hakuna kunyorwa zvachose. Nechikonzero ichi, nhamba yacho inofanirwa kunzwisiswa sefungidziro yakaoma kwazvo.
Kuwana: Kune 19 polar bear subpopulations pasi rose. Pane data shoma inowanikwa kune mamwe ma subpopulations. Kubva pane data iripo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune angangoita 22.000 kusvika 31.000 polar bears pasi rose.
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Outlook: Kune mapere mashoma muSvalbard kupfuura kare?
Nekuda kwekuvhima kwakanyanya muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, huwandu hwebere muSvalbard hwakatanga kudzikira zvakanyanya. Yakanga isiri kusvika 1973 apo Chibvumirano Chekuchengetedza Polar Bears chakasainwa. Kubva ipapo, bere rakadzivirirwa munzvimbo dzeNorway. Huwandu hwevanhu hwakazopora zvakanyanya uye hwakakura, kunyanya kusvika kuma1980. Nechikonzero ichi, nhasi kune mabheya akawanda muSvalbard kupfuura kare.
Kuwana: Mapere ePolar haana kubvumidzwa kuvhimwa munzvimbo dzeNorway kubvira 1973. Ndokusaka vanhu vawedzera uye iye zvino mava nemapere akawanda muSvalbard kupfuura kare.
Kana ukaenzanisa mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwebere remu polar muSvalbard muna 2004 na2015, nhamba inotaridzawo kunge yakawedzera zvishoma panguva iyi. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwakanga kusina kukosha.
| Pfupiso ye data yesainzi: Svalbard: 264 polar bears (2015) maringe ne241 polar bear (2004) Northern pack ice: 709 polar bears (2015) maringe ne444 polar bears (2004) Svalbard + pack ice: 973 polar bears (2015) maringe ne685 polar bears (2004) Kwakabva: Huwandu uye kugoverwa kwemapere emapolar kumadokero kweBarents Sea (J. Aars et. al, 2017) |
Pari zvino pava kutyirwa kuti huwandu hwebere muSvalbard huchadzikira zvakare. Muvengi mutsva kudziya kwepasi rose. Barents Sea polar bears vari kusangana nekurasikirwa kwakakurumidza kwegungwa reaizi yekugara kwese 19 inozivikanwa subpopulations muArctic (Laidre et al. 2015; Stern & Laidre 2016). Nenzira yakanaka, panguva yekuverenga muna August 2015 pakanga pasina humbowo hwekuti izvi zvakanga zvatoita kuti kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu.
Zvakawanikwa: Zvichaonekwa kuti nhamba yemabheya ari kuSvalbard achadzikira here kana kuti riini nekuda kwekudziya kwepasi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chando chegungwa chiri kuderera zvakanyanya muGungwa reBarents, asi muna 2015 hapana kuderedzwa kwenhamba dzepolar bear dzakaonekwa.
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Zvinosiyana-siyana: Sei data racho risina kunyatsojeka?
Kutaura zvazviri, kuverenga polar bear hakusi nyore. Sei? Kune rimwe divi, haufanirwe kukanganwa kuti polar bears vavhimi vanokatyamadza vaizorwisa vanhu. Kunyatsochenjerera uye kureba kunodiwa nguva dzose. Pamusoro pazvose, polar bears yakanyatso kuvharidzirwa uye nzvimbo yacho yakakura, inowanzovhiringidza uye dzimwe nguva yakaoma kuwana. Polar bears anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakaderera munzvimbo dziri kure, zvichiita kuti kuverenga kwevanhu munzvimbo dzakadaro kudhure uye kusashanda. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi kusingafungidzike mamiriro ekunze ePamusoro Arctic.
Pasinei nezvose zvakaedza kuitwa nemasayendisiti, nhamba yemapere haambofa yakagona kunyatsozivikanwa. Nhamba yose yepolar bears haina kuverengwa, asi kukosha kwakaverengwa kubva kune data yakanyorwa, zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvingaita. Nekuti kuedza kwakakura kwazvo, hakuverengeki kazhinji uye data rinokurumidza kupera. Mubvunzo wekuti mangani mabheya ari muSpitsbergen anoramba achingopindurwa zvisina kujeka, zvisinei nenhamba chaidzo.
Kuziva: Kuverenga polar bears kwakaoma. Nhamba dzebheya fungidziro yakavakirwa paruzivo rwesainzi. Yekupedzisira huru yakaburitswa kuverenga yakaitika muna Nyamavhuvhu 2015 uye saka yatopfuura. (kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2023)
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Sayenzi: Unoverenga sei polar bears?
Tsananguro inotevera inokupa muono mudiki munzira dzekushanda dzesainzi panguva yekuverenga bere rePolar muSvalbard muna 2015 (J. Aars et. al, 2019). Ndokumbira utarise kuti nzira dzinounzwa nenzira yakapfava uye ruzivo haruna kukwana. Pfungwa ndeyekungopa pfungwa yekuti nzira yakaoma sei kuwana fungidziro yakapihwa pamusoro.
1. Total Count = Nhamba Chaiyo
Munzvimbo dzinodzoreka zviri nyore, nhamba yakakwana yemhuka inonyorwa nemasayendisiti kuburikidza nekuverenga chaiko. Izvi zvinogoneka, semuenzaniso, pazvitsuwa zvidiki zvakanyanya kana panzvimbo dzakati sandara, dzinooneka zviri nyore. Muna 2015, masayendisiti akaverenga ega mapere 45 muSvalbard. 23 mamwe mabheya epolar akaonekwa uye akashumwa nevamwe vanhu muSvalbard uye masayendisiti akakwanisa kuratidza kuti mapere aya akanga asati averengwa navo. Mukuwedzera, pakanga pane 4 polar bears iyo pasina munhu akaiona ichirarama, asi avo vakanga vakapfeka satellite makora. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti vaive munzvimbo yekuverengera panguva yekuverengwa. Huwandu hwemapere makumi matanhatu nemasere akaverengwa pachishandiswa nzira iyi mukati memiganhu yeSvalbard Archipelago.
2. Line Transects = Nhamba Chaiyo + Estimate
Mitsetse inoiswa kune mamwe madaro uye inobhururuka neherikoputa. Mapere ese anoonekwa munzira anoverengwa. Zvinocherechedzwawo kuti vaive kure zvakadini kubva pamutsetse wakambotsanangurwa. Kubva pane iyi data, masayendisiti anogona kufungidzira kana kuverenga kuti mangani mabheya ari munzvimbo iyi.
Munguva yekuverenga, 100 polar bears, madzimai 14 ane mwana mumwe chete uye amai 11 vane vana vaviri vakawanikwa. Chinhambwe chepamusoro chakamira chaive 2696 metres. Masayendisiti anoziva kuti mapere ari panyika ane mukana wepamusoro wekuonekwa kupfuura mabheya ari mupakiti ice uye gadzirisa nhamba yacho zvinoenderana. Tichishandisa nzira iyi, mapere 161 akaverengwa. Nekudaro, maererano nekuverenga kwavo, masayendisiti akapa fungidziro yakazara yenzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nemitsara transects se674 (95% CI = 432 - 1053) polar bear.
3. Zvinyorwa zvekubatsira = kufungidzira kunobva pane data yapfuura
Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, kuverenga kwakanga kusingabviri mune dzimwe nzvimbo sezvakarongwa. Chikonzero chinowanzoitika ndechekuti, semuenzaniso, mhute yakakora. Nechikonzero ichi, zvaive zvakafanira kufungidzira kuti mapere mangani angadai akawanikwa dai kuverenga kwaitika. Muchiitiko ichi, satellite telemetry nzvimbo dzepolar bear dzakashongedzerwa netransmitter dzakashandiswa sechiyamuro chinosiyanisa. A reshiyo estimator yakashandiswa kuverenga kuti mapere mangani angangove awanikwa.
Kuwana: Kuverengera kuzere munzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa + kuverenga & kufungidzira munzvimbo dzakakura kuburikidza nemutsara transects + fungidziro uchishandisa anobatsira mabhii enzvimbo dzaive dzisingagone kuverenga = nhamba yese yemapere e polar
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Vashanyi vanoona kupi mapere ekuSvalbard?
Kunyange zvazvo kune mapere emapolar muSvalbard mashoma pane mamwe mawebhusaiti asina kutaura zvisirizvo, zvitsuwa zveSvalbard ichiri nzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo yepolar bear safaris. Kunyanya parwendo rurefu rwechikepe muSvalbard, vashanyi vane mukana wakanakisisa wekunyatsoona mapere ari musango.
Zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa neNorwegian Polar Institute muSvalbard kubva 2005 kusvika 2018, mapere mazhinji akaonekwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwechitsuwa chikuru cheSpitsbergen: kunyanya kutenderedza Raudfjord. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mwero wepamusoro wekuona dzaive kuchamhembe kwechitsuwa cheNordaustlandt Hinlopen Street pamwe neiyo Barentsøya Island. Kusiyana nezvaitarisirwa nevashanyi vazhinji, 65% yezvose zvakaonekwa nebheya zvakaitika munzvimbo dzisina chando. (O. Bengtsson, 2021)
Zvakaitika pachedu: Mukati memazuva gumi nemaviri Cruise on the Sea Spirit muSvalbard, AGE™ yakakwanisa kuona mapere mapfumbamwe muna Nyamavhuvhu 2023. Pasinei nokutsvaka kwakasimba, hatina kuwana bheya rimwe chete pachitsuwa chikuru cheSpitsbergen. Kwete kunyange mune inozivikanwa Raudfjord. Zvisikwa zvinoramba zviri zvisikwa uye High Arctic haisi zoo. MuHinlopen Strait takatuswa nokuda kwokushivirira kwedu: mukati memazuva matatu takaona mapere masere pazvitsuwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Pachitsuwa cheBarentsøya takaona mapere e<em>polar nhamba 9. Takaona mapere akawanda ari munzvimbo ine matombo, imwe muuswa hwakasvibirira, maviri muchando uye imwe pamhenderekedzo yegungwa ine chando.
Svalbard gwara rekufamba • Mhuka dzeArctic • Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) • Mapere mangani muSvalbard? • Tarisa mapere ari kuSvalbard
Zviziviso & Copyright
Kwanobva: Mapere mangani muSvalbard?
Aars, Jon et. al (2017) , Nhamba uye kugoverwa kwepolar bears kumadokero kweGungwa reBarents. Yakadzorerwa musi wa02.10.2023 Gumiguru XNUMX, kubva kuURL: https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/2660/6078
Aars, Jon et. al (12.01.2009/06.10.2023/XNUMX) Kufungidzira Barents Sea polar bere subpopulation size. [pamhepo] Yakadzorerwa muna Gumiguru XNUMX, XNUMX, kubva kuURL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00228.x
Bengtsson, Olof et. al (2021) Kugovera uye hunhu hwekugara kwepinnipeds uye polar bear muSvalbard Archipelago, 2005-2018. [pamhepo] Yakadzorerwa muna Gumiguru 06.10.2023, XNUMX, kubva kuURL: https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/5326/13326
Hurtigruten Expeditions (nd) Polar Bears. Mambo weIce - Polar Bears paSpitsbergen. [pamhepo] Yakadzorerwa musi wa02.10.2023 Gumiguru, XNUMX, kubva kuURL: https://www.hurtigruten.com/de-de/expeditions/inspiration/eisbaren/
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