Iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard: intsomi ngokuchasene nenyani
Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe akhoyo eSvalbard? Xa uphendula lo mbuzo, ubukhulu obunjalo obuhlukeneyo bunokufumaneka kwi-intanethi ukuba umfundi unesiyezi: iibhere ze-polar ezingama-300, iibhere ze-polar eziyi-1000 kunye neebhere ze-polar ezingama-2600 - nantoni na ibonakala inokwenzeka. Kudla ngokuthiwa kukho iibhere ezimhlophe ezingama-3000 3500 eSpitsbergen. Inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu ngenqanawa ibhala oku: “Ngokutsho kweNorwegian Polar Institute, ngoku kukho iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard ezingama-XNUMX XNUMX.”
Iimpazamo zokungakhathali, iimpazamo zoguqulo, ukucinga okunqwenelekayo kunye ngelishwa nangoku ikopi-and-paste mentality exhaphakileyo zinokuba ngunobangela wobu bugqwirha. Iingxelo ezimangalisayo zidibana ne-sober balance sheets.
Yonke intsomi iqulethe ukhozo lwenyaniso, kodwa leliphi inani elililo? Apha unokufumanisa ukuba kutheni ezona ntsomi zixhaphakileyo zingeyonyaniso nokuba mangaphi amabhere akhoyo ngokwenene eSvalbard.
1. Intsomi: Zininzi iibhere ezimhlophe kunabantu baseSvalbard
-> Kutheni oko akuyonyani
2. Intsomi: Kukho iibhere ezimhlophe ezingama-3000 eSvalbard
-> Ukungaqondi okukhulu
3. Amanani: Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe akhoyo ngokwenene eSvalbard?
-> Isishwankathelo esifutshane
4. Iinyani: Iibhere zePolar eSvalbardngubani Ulwandle lwaseBarents kwaye weltweit
-> Iziphumo zenzululwazi zicaciswe ngokulula
5. Umbono: Ngaba zimbalwa iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard kunangaphambili?
-> Ukulinganisela okulungileyo kunye nembono ebalulekileyo
6. Izinto eziguquguqukayo: Kutheni idatha ingachanekanga ngakumbi?
-> Iingxaki zokubala iibhere ezimhlophe
7. Inzululwazi: Uzibala njani iibhere ezimhlophe?
->Indlela izazinzulu ezibala ngayo kwaye zixabise ngayo
8. Ukhenketho: Abakhenkethi bazibona phi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard?
-> iNzululwazi yaBemi ngabakhenkethi
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Intsomi 1: Zininzi iibhere ezimhlophe kunabantu baseSvalbard
Nangona esi sitatimende sinokufundwa rhoqo kwi-intanethi, ayikachanekanga. Nangona uninzi lweziqithi ezikwichweba laseSvalbard zingenamntu, iziqithi ezininzi ezincinci eneneni kwaye ngokusengqiqweni zineebhere ezincanyana ngakumbi kunabahlali, oku akusebenzi kwisiqithi esikhulu saseSvalbard okanye kulo lonke elo chwebakazi.
Malunga nama-2500 ukuya kuma-3000 abantu abahlala kwisiqithi saseSpitsbergen. Uninzi lwabo luhlala longyearbyen, esona sixeko sibizwa ngokuba sesona sixeko singasentla ehlabathini. Ingxelo yaseNorway inika abemi baseSvalbard ukususela ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2021: Ngokutsho koku, iindawo ezihlala eSvalbard eLongyearbyen, eNy-Alesund, eBarentsburg nasePyramiden xa zizonke zazinabemi abangama-2.859 XNUMX kanye.
Yeka. Azikho iibhere ezincanyana kunabantu baseSpitsbergen? Ukuba uyazibuza lo mbuzo, mhlawumbi ukhe weva okanye wafunda ukuba malunga nama-3000 eebhere ezimhlophe zihlala eSvalbard. Ukuba bekunjalo, ubuya kuba uchanile, kodwa nayo yintsomi leyo.
Ukufumana: Azikho ezinye iibhere ezincanyana ngaphezu kwabantu abahlala eSvalbard.
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Intsomi yesi-2: Kukho iibhere ezimhlophe ezingama-3000 XNUMX eSvalbard
Eli nani liyaqhubeka. Noko ke, nabani na ojonga iimpapasho zenzululwazi ngokukhawuleza ufumanisa ukuba le yimpazamo yamagama. Inani leebhere ezimhlophe ezimalunga nama-3000 lisebenza kuwo wonke ummandla woLwandle iBarents, hayi kwichweba laseSvalbard kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo hayi nje kwisiqithi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen.
ngezantsi Ursus maritimus (uvavanyo lwaseYurophu) yoLuhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni zinokufundwa, umzekelo: “ EYurophu, inani labemi boLwandle iBarents (eNorway neRussian Federation) liqikelelwa kubantu abamalunga nama-3.000 XNUMX.”
Ulwandle iBarents lulwandle oluselunxwemeni loLwandlekazi lweArctic. Indawo yoLwandle lwaseBarents ayibandakanyi kuphela iSpitsbergen, intsalela ye-Svalbard Archipelago kunye nommandla womkhenkce osemantla eSpitsbergen, kodwa kunye neFranz Joseph Land kunye nemimandla yomkhenkce yaseRashiya. Iibhere ezincanyana ngamanye amaxesha zifuduka zinqumle ipakethe yomkhenkce, kodwa okukhona umgama uqhubeka, kokukhona kuya kuncipha ukutshintshiselana. Ukutshintshela lonke ibhere emhlophe yolwandle i-Barents 1:1 ukuya eSvalbard akulunganga nje.
Ukufumana: Kukho malunga ne-3000 yeebhere ezimhlophe kwindawo yoLwandle iBarents.
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Amanani: Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe ngokwenene eSvalbard?
Enyanisweni, ziibhere ezimhlophe ezimalunga nama-300 kuphela ezihlala kwichwebakazi laseSvalbard, malunga neshumi ekhulwini lamabhere amhlophe adla ngokukhankanywa angama-3000 XNUMX. Ezi ke azihlali zonke kwisiqithi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen, kodwa zisasazeke kwiziqithi ezininzi kwiziqithi. Ke zimbalwa kakhulu iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard kunokuba ezinye iiwebhusayithi ubunokuthi ukholelwe. Nangona kunjalo, abakhenkethi banamathuba amahle kakhulu Ukubukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard.
Ukufumana: Kukho malunga ne-300 yeebhere ezimhlophe kwichweba laseSvalbard, elikwaquka nesiqithi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen.
Ukongezelela kwiibhere ezimhlophe ezimalunga nama-300 kwimida yaseSvalbard, kukwakho neebhere ezimhlophe ezikummandla womkhenkce kumntla weSvalbard. Inani lezi bhere ezimhlophe kumkhenkce osemantla liqikelelwa malunga nama-700 eebhere ezimhlophe. Ukuba udibanisa zombini amaxabiso kunye, kuyaqondakala ukuba kutheni eminye imithombo inika inani le-1000 yeebhere ezimhlophe ze-Svalbard.
Ukufumana: Malunga ne-1000 yeebhere ezimhlophe zihlala kummandla ongqonge iSpitsbergen (iSvalbard + umkhenkce osemantla).
Ayichanekanga ngokwaneleyo kuwe? Hayi nathi. Kwicandelo elilandelayo uya kufumanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard nakuLwandle iBarents ngokweempapasho zenzululwazi.
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Inyaniso: Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe ahlala eSvalbard?
Kwakukho amanani amabini amakhulu ebhere e-polar e-Svalbard kwi-2004 kunye ne-2015: nganye ukusuka ngo-Agasti 01 ukuya kwi-31 ka-Agasti. Kuyo yomibini le minyaka, iziqithi zeSvalbard kunye nommandla womkhenkce ongasentla zagqogqwa ngeenqanawa nangehelikopta.
Ubalo luka-2015 lubonise ukuba iibhere ezimhlophe eziyi-264 zihlala eSvalbard. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda kakuhle eli nani, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba izazinzulu zivakalisa njani. Ukuba ufunda ushicilelo oluhambelanayo, luthi "264 (95% CI = 199 - 363) iibhere". Oku kuthetha ukuba inani elingu-264, elivakala lichanekile, ayilonani elichanekileyo kwaphela, kodwa umndilili woqikelelo olunokwenzeka ukuba luchaneke ngama-95%.
Ukufumana: Ngo-Agasti 2015, ukuyibeka ngokuchanekileyo ngokwesayensi, kukho amathuba okuba phakathi kwe-95 kunye ne-199 yeebhere ze-polar phakathi kwemida ye-Svalbard Archipelago. Umyinge ngama-363 eebhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard.
Ezi zizibakala. Ayichaneki ngakumbi kunoko. Kukwasebenza okufanayo kwiibhere ze-polar kwi-ice pack esenyakatho. Umyinge we-709 yeebhere ezimhlophe zipapashiwe. Ukuba ujonga ulwazi olupheleleyo kupapasho lwezenzululwazi, elona nani livakala liguquguquka ngakumbi.
Ukufumana: Ngo-Agasti ka-2015, kunye namathuba angama-95 ekhulwini, kwakukho phakathi kwe-533 kunye ne-1389 yeebhere ezimhlophe kuwo wonke ummandla ojikeleze iSpitsbergen (i-Svalbard + ipaki yomkhenkce esenyakatho). Umndilili uphumela kwiibhere ezingama-973 zizonke.
| Isishwankathelo sedatha yenzululwazi: I-264 (95% CI = 199 - 363) iibhere ze-polar e-Svalbard (ukubala: ngo-Agasti 2015) I-709 (95% CI = 334 - 1026) iibhere ze-polar kumntla we-ice pack (ubala: Agasti 2015) I-973 (95% CI = 533 - 1389) iibhere ze-polar inani lilonke i-Svalbard + umkhenkce osemantla wepakethe (ubala: Agasti 2015) Umthombo: Inani kunye nokuhanjiswa kweebhere zepolar kwintshona yeBarents Sea (J. Aars et. al, 2017) |
Inyaniso: Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe akhoyo kuLwandle lwaseBarents?
Ngo-2004, inani lebhere elimhlophe landiswa ukuze liquke iFranz Josef Land kunye neendawo zomkhenkce zaseRashiya ukongezelela kwiSvalbard. Oku kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqikelela inani elipheleleyo lebhere emhlophe kuLwandle iBarents. Ngelishwa, abasemagunyeni baseRashiya abazange banike imvume ye-2015, ngoko ke inxalenye yaseRashiya yendawo yokusabalalisa ayikwazanga ukuvavanywa kwakhona.
Idatha yokugqibela malunga ne-polar bear yonke i-subpopulation kwi-Barents Sea ivela kwi-2004: i-avareji epapashiweyo yi-2644 ye-polar bear.
Ukufumana: Kunokwenzeka ukuba ngama-95 ekhulwini, inani labemi boLwandle iBarents ngo-Agasti 2004 libe phakathi kwe-1899 ne-3592 yeebhere ezimhlophe. Umyinge weebhere ezincanyana ezingama-2644 zoLwandle lwaseBarents unikiwe.
Ngoku kucacile ukuba amanani aphezulu eSvalbard ajikeleza kwi-Intanethi avela phi. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, abanye ababhali badlulisela ngokungachanekanga inani loLwandle lwaseBarents lulonke kwiSvalbard 1:1. Ukongeza, umndilili ojikeleze i-2600 yeebhere ezimhlophe zihlala zijikelezwe ngesisa kwizilwanyana ezingama-3000. Ngamanye amaxesha kwanelona nani liphakamileyo loqikelelo loLwandle lwaseBarents (iibhere ezimhlophe ezingama-3592) lunikwa, ukuze ngequbuliso kuphawulelwe iibhere ezimhlophe ezingama-3500 okanye ezingama-3600 eSvalbard.
| Isishwankathelo sedatha yenzululwazi: I-2644 (95% CI = 1899 - 3592) i-polar bear subpopulation yoLwandle lwaseBarents (ubalo lwabantu: ngo-Agasti 2004) Umthombo: Uqikelelo lobungakanani bobuninzi beebhere ezimhlophe kuLwandle lwaseBarents (J. Aars et. al 2009) |
Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe akhoyo ehlabathini?
Ukwenza yonke le nto icace, imeko yedatha yeebhere ezimhlophe kwihlabathi jikelele kufuneka ikhankanywe ngokufutshane. Okokuqala, inika umdla ukwazi ukuba kukho iibhere ezincanyana ezili-19 kwihlabathi liphela. Omnye wabo uhlala kuLwandle lwaseBarents, olukwaquka iSpitsbergen.
ngezantsi Ursus maritimus Uluhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni ngo-2015 Kubhaliwe kwathiwa: "Ukushwankathela uqikelelo lwamva nje lwe-19 subpopulations […] kukhokelela kwimbuyekezo malunga ne-26.000 yeebhere ezimhlophe (95% CI = 22.000 -31.000)."
Apha kucingelwa ukuba kukho isimbuku phakathi kwama-22.000 nama-31.000 eebhere ezimhlophe emhlabeni. Umndilili wabemi behlabathi ngama-26.000 eebhere ezimhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye ama-subpopulations imeko yedatha imbi kwaye ukugcwala kwe-Arctic Basin akurekhodwa konke konke. Ngesi sizathu, inani kufuneka liqondwe njengoqikelelo olurhabaxa kakhulu.
Ukufumana: Kukho iibhere ezincanyana ezili-19 kwihlabathi liphela. Kukho idatha encinci ekhoyo yezinye ii-subpopulations. Ngokusekelwe kwidatha ekhoyo, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga nama-22.000 ukuya kwi-31.000 yeebhere ezimhlophe kwihlabathi jikelele.
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Imbonakalo: Ngaba zimbalwa iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard kunangaphambili?
Ngenxa yokuzingela kakhulu ngenkulungwane ye-19 neye-20, inani leebhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard lehla kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kwakungekho de kwangowe-1973 apho kwasayinwa iSivumelwano sokuGcinwa kweebhere ezimhlophe. Ukususela ngoko, ibhere elimhlophe lalikhuselwe kwimimandla yaseNorway. Abemi ke baye bachacha ngokubonakalayo kwaye banda, ngakumbi de kwaba ngoo-1980. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, namhlanje kukho iibhere ezininzi ngakumbi kunangaphambili eSvalbard.
Ukufumana: Iibhere zePolar azivunyelwanga ukuba zizingelwe kwiindawo zaseNorway ukususela ngo-1973. Yiyo loo nto abantu bechacha yaye ngoku kukho iibhere ezincanyana ngakumbi eSvalbard kunangaphambili.
Ukuba uthelekisa iziphumo zabemi bebhere emhlophe eSvalbard ngo-2004 no-2015, inani nalo libonakala linyuke kancinci ngeli xesha. Noko ke, ulwando lwalungabalulekanga.
| Isishwankathelo sedatha yenzululwazi: I-Svalbard: 264 iibhere ezimhlophe (2015) ngokuchasene ne-241 yeebhere ezimhlophe (2004) Umkhenkce osemantla: iibhere zepolar ezingama-709 (2015) ngokuchasene ne-444 yeebhere ezimhlophe (2004) I-Svalbard + ipakethe umkhenkce: 973 iibhere ezimhlophe (2015) ngokuchasene ne-685 yeebhere ezimhlophe (2004) Umthombo: Inani kunye nokuhanjiswa kweebhere zepolar kwintshona yeBarents Sea (J. Aars et. al, 2017) |
Ngoku kukho uloyiko lokuba inani lebhere elimhlophe eSvalbard liya kuhla kwakhona. Utshaba olutsha kukufudumala kwehlabathi. Iibhere ze-Barents ze-polar zolwandle zifumana ilahleko ekhawulezayo yendawo yokuhlala yomkhenkce yolwandle kuzo zonke ii-19 ezaziwayo zabemi baseArctic (Laidre et al. 2015; Stern & Laidre 2016). Ngethamsanqa, ngexesha lobalo ngo-Agasti 2015 akukho bungqina bokuba oku sele kukhokelele ekunciphiseni ubungakanani babemi.
Iziphumo: Kuza kubonakala ukuba inani leebhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard liza kuncipha na ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi. Kuyaziwa ukuba umkhenkce wolwandle uyancipha ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza kuLwandle lwaseBarents, kodwa ngo-2015 akukho kuncipha kwamanani ebhere ye-polar kwafunyanwa.
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Izinto eziguquguqukayo: Kutheni idatha ingachanekanga ngakumbi?
Enyanisweni, ukubala iibhere ezimhlophe akukho lula kangako. Ngoba? Kwelinye icala, ungaze ulibale ukuba iibhere ezimhlophe ngabazingeli abanomtsalane abanokuthi bahlasele abantu. Isilumkiso esikhethekileyo kunye nomgama onesisa kusoloko kufuneka. Ngaphezu kwako konke, iibhere ezimhlophe zifihliwe kakuhle kwaye indawo inkulu, ihlala ibhidekisa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufikelela kuyo. Iibhere ezincanyana zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezisezantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubalo lwabantu kwiindawo ezinjalo lubize kakhulu kwaye lungasebenzi. Ukongeza koku ziimeko zemozulu ezingalindelekanga kwi-Arctic ephezulu.
Phezu kwayo yonke imigudu yezazinzulu, inani leebhere ezimhlophe alinakuqinisekwa ngokuchanekileyo. Inani elipheleleyo leebhere ze-polar alibalwa, kodwa ixabiso elibalwe kwidatha erekhodiweyo, iinguqu kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba inzame inkulu, ayibalwa rhoqo kwaye idatha ikhawuleza iphelelwe lixesha. Umbuzo wokuba zingaphi iibhere ze-polar ezikhoyo eSpitsbergen usaphendulwa nje ngokungacacanga, nangona amanani achanekileyo.
Ukuqonda: Ukubala iibhere ezimhlophe kunzima. Amanani ebhere encanyana luqikelelo olusekelwe kwidatha yenzululwazi. Ubalo lokugqibela olupapashiweyo lwenzeka ngo-Agasti 2015 kwaye ke ngoko sele liphelelwe lixesha. (ukusukela ngo-Agasti 2023)
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Inzululwazi: Uzibala njani iibhere ezimhlophe?
Le ngcaciso ilandelayo ikunika ingqiqo encinane kwiindlela zokusebenza zenzululwazi ngexesha lobalo lwabantu bebhere ephola eSvalbard ngo-2015 (J. Aars et. al, 2019). Nceda uqaphele ukuba iindlela zinikezelwe ngendlela elula kakhulu kwaye ulwazi aluphelelanga. Inqaku kukunika umbono wendlela intsonkothe ngayo indlela yokufumana uqikelelo olunikiweyo ngasentla.
1. Inani lilonke = Amanani Okwenyani
Kwiindawo ezilawulekayo ngokulula, inani elipheleleyo lezilwanyana lirekhodwa zizazinzulu ngokubala ngokoqobo. Oku kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, kwiziqithi ezincinci kakhulu okanye kwiindawo zebhanki ezibonakala lula. Ngo-2015, izazinzulu zabala iibhere eziyi-45 eSvalbard. Ezinye iibhere ze-polar ezingama-23 zabonwa kwaye zaxelwa ngabanye abantu baseSvalbard kwaye izazinzulu ziye zakwazi ukubonisa ukuba ezi bhere ezimhlophe azizange zibalwe ngabo. Ukongeza, bekukho iibhere ezi-4 ekungekho mntu uzibonileyo ziphila, kodwa ezazinxibe iikhola zesathelayithi. Oku kwabonisa ukuba babekwindawo yofundo ngexesha lobalo. Iibhere ezimhlophe ezingama-68 zibalwe kusetyenziswa le ndlela ngaphakathi kwemida yeSiqithi saseSvalbard.
2. IiNguqulelo zomgca = Amanani okwenene + Qikelela
Imigca imiselwe kwimigama ethile kwaye iqhutywa ngehelikopta. Zonke iibhere ezimhlophe ezibonwa endleleni zibaliwe. Kukwaphawulwe ukuba babekude kangakanani kumgca ochazwe ngaphambili. Ukusuka kule datha, izazinzulu zinokuqikelela okanye ukubala ukuba zingaphi iibhere zepolar ezikuloo ndawo.
Ngexesha lobalo, kwafunyanwa iibhere ezili-100, oomama abali-14 abanentshontsho elinye kunye noomama abali-11 abanamathole amabini. Umgama omde othe nkqo wawuyi-2696 yeemitha. Izazinzulu ziyazi ukuba iibhere emhlabeni zinethuba eliphezulu lokubhaqwa kuneebhere ezikwipakethi yomkhenkce kwaye zihlengahlengise inani ngokufanelekileyo. Kusetyenziswa le ndlela, kwabalwa iibhere ezili-161 ezimhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwezibalo zabo, izazinzulu zinike uqikelelo olupheleleyo lweendawo ezigutyungelwe ngomgca we-674 (95% CI = 432 - 1053) iibhere ze-polar.
3. Iinguqu ezincedisayo = uqikelelo olusekelwe kwidatha yangaphambili
Ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezimbi, ukubalwa kwakungenakwenzeka kwezinye iindawo njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Isizathu esiqhelekileyo, umzekelo, inkungu eshinyeneyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuye kwafuneka kuqikelelwe ukuba zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eziya kufunyanwa ukuba ubalo lwenziwe. Kule meko, iindawo ze-satellite telemetry yeebhere ze-polar ezixhotyiswe nge-transmitter zisetyenziswe njengenguqu encedisayo. Uqikelelo lomlinganiselo lusetyenzisiwe ukubala ukuba zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zifunyenwe.
Ukufumana: Ubalo olupheleleyo kwiindawo ezilinganiselweyo + ukubala & uqikelelo kwiindawo ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa ii-transects zomgca + uqikelelo usebenzisa iinguqu ezincedisayo kwiindawo apho kwakungenakwenzeka ukubala = inani elipheleleyo leebhere ze-polar
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Abakhenkethi bazibona phi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard?
Nangona kukho iibhere ezimhlophe ezimbalwa eSvalbard kunewebhusayithi ezininzi ezichaza ngokungachanekanga, ichweba laseSvalbard iseyeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yebhere emhlophe. Ingakumbi kuhambo olude ngesikhephe eSvalbard, abakhenkethi banethuba elihle lokubona iibhere ezimhlophe endle.
Ngokophononongo olwenziwa yiNorwegian Polar Institute eSvalbard ukusuka ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2018, uninzi lweebhere ezimhlophe zabonwa kumantla-ntshona esiqithi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen: ngakumbi malunga neRaudfjord. Eminye imimandla enamazinga aphakamileyo okubona yayikumantla esiqithi saseNordaustlandt Isitalato saseHinlopen Kunye ne Isiqithi saseBarentsøya. Ngokuchaseneyo nolindelo lwabakhenkethi abaninzi, i-65% yazo zonke iibhere ezibonwayo zenzeka kwiindawo ezingenamkhenkce. (O. Bengtsson, 2021)
Amava akho: Kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi elinesibini Ukuhamba ngenqanawa kuMoya woLwandle eSvalbard, I-AGE™ ikwazile ukujonga iibhere ezincanyana ezilithoba ngo-Agasti ka-2023. Phezu kwako nje ukukhangela ngokunzulu, asizange sifumane nebhere enye kwisiqithi esikhulu saseSpitsbergen. Akukho nakwiRaudfjord eyaziwayo. Indalo ihlala iyindalo kwaye i-Arctic ePhakamileyo ayiyozoo. KuLwandle lwaseHinlopen savuzwa ngomonde wethu: kwisithuba nje seentsuku ezintathu sabona iibhere ezisibhozo kwiziqithi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwisiqithi saseBarentsøya sabona ibhere emhlophe engunombolo 9. Sabona inkoliso yeebhere ezimhlophe kwindawo enamatye, enye ikwingca eluhlaza, ezimbini ekhephini enye kunxweme olunomkhenkce.
Isikhokelo sohambo saseSvalbard • Izilwanyana zase-Arctic • Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus) • Zingaphi iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard? • Bukela iibhere ezimhlophe eSvalbard
Izaziso kunye neCopyright
Umthombo: Mangaphi amabhere amhlophe akhoyo eSvalbard?
Aars, uJon et. al (2017) , Inani kunye nokuhanjiswa kweebhere ze-polar kwintshona yoLwandle lwaseBarents. Ibuyiselwe ngo-Okthobha 02.10.2023, XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/2660/6078
Aars, uJon et. al (12.01.2009/06.10.2023/XNUMX) Ukuqikelela ubungakanani bebhere emhlophe yoLwandle lwaseBarents. [kwi-intanethi] Ibuyiselwe nge-XNUMX ka-Okthobha, XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00228.x
Bengtsson, Olof et. al (2021) Ukusabalalisa kunye neempawu zendawo yokuhlala ye-pinnipeds kunye neebhere ze-polar kwi-Svalbard Archipelago, ngo-2005-2018. [kwi-intanethi] Ibuyiselwe nge-06.10.2023 ka-Okthobha, XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/5326/13326
Hurtigruten Expeditions (n.d.) Polar Bears. UKumkani we-Ice-Polar Bears kwi-Spitsbergen. [kwi-intanethi] Ibuyiselwe nge-02.10.2023 ka-Okthobha, XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://www.hurtigruten.com/de-de/expeditions/inspiration/eisbaren/
Iinkcukacha-manani Norway (04.05.2021) Kvinner inntar Svalbard. [kwi-intanethi] Ibuyiselwe nge-02.10.2023 ka-Okthobha, XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/artikler-og-publikasjoner/kvinner-inntar-svalbard
Wiig, Ø., Aars, J., Belikov, SE kunye neBoltunov, A. (2007) Ursus maritimus (uvavanyo lwaseYurophu). Uluhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni 2007: e.T22823A9390963. [kwi-intanethi] ibuyiselwe nge-03.10.2023 ka-Okthobha, ngo-XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22823/9390963#population
Wiig, Ø., Amstrup, S., Atwood, T., Laidre, K., Lunn, N., Obbard, M., Regehr, E. & Thiemann, G. (2015) IUrsus maritimus. Uluhlu oluBomvu lwe-IUCN lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni 2015: e.T22823A14871490. [kwi-intanethi] ibuyiselwe nge-03.10.2023 ka-Okthobha, ngo-XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22823/14871490#population
Wiig, Ø., Amstrup, S., Atwood, T., Laidre, K., Lunn, N., Obbard, M., Regehr, E. & Thiemann, G. (2015) Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus). Imathiriyeli eyongezelelweyo yovavanyo loLuhlu oluBomvu lwe-Ursus maritimus. [pdf] Ibuyiselwe ngo-Okthobha 03.10.2023, XNUMX, isuka kwi-URL: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/pdf/14871490/attachment