Ukuqonda emva kwemiboniso kwibhotwe lendalo lomkhenkce iTyrol

Kwisikhululo sentaba ye-Hintertux Glacier, kwi-3250 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle yindawo yokugqibela yokumisa. Indawo ye-ski yase-Austrian unyaka wonke ilapha. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sihlehlise umbono odumileyo wepanorama kude kube kamva. Kuyagquma namhlanje kwaye ukubonakala kunguziro. Kodwa ibhotwe lomkhenkce lendalo liyindawo efanelekileyo yokuya kuyo ngexesha lesaqhwithi. Logama nje ii-gondolas ezizinzileyo zeZillertaler Gletscherbahn zisebenza, i-adventure ilindelwe.

Ngaphandle komoya, kwiqondo elingaguqukiyo elingu-zero kunye nokuya kuthi ga kwi-35 yeemitha ngaphantsi kwe-ski slope, ibhotwe lendalo lomkhenkce libonelela ngombono womkhenkce omangalisayo. Izinyuko kunye neeleli zikhokelela abakhenkethi kwiipaseji zomkhenkce kunye neeholo ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, i-icicles ubude beemitha kunye nechibi elingaphantsi komhlaba elinomkhenkce.

• Kwabalungisi bekhephu kunye ne-avalanche probes
• Ukufunyanwa kweNdawo yoMkhenkce Palace
• Eyona shaft yophando lomkhenkce

• Ichibi elinomkhenkce elingaphantsi komhlaba
• Iirekhodi zehlabathi kwi-ice swimming
• Iintsika zomkhenkce ezigobileyo

Ukusuka kubalungisi bekhephu elinzima kunye ne-avalanche search probes

Kodwa namhlanje siqala safuna ikhusi kwisitya esincinci, esishushu eNatursport Tirol. Ngelixa silindele ibhotwe lendalo lomkhenkce ukuze lisivulele iingcango zalo, sijonge phambili kumabali achulumancisayo. Ukuqonda emva kwemiboniso kunye nesandla sokuqala.

UMnu. Erler unxibelelana nabasebenzi bakhe ngonomathotholo. “Kufuneka silungise indlela kuqala,” uyasazisa. Namhlanje amakhwenkwe aphezu kwesifuba kwikhephu elitsha kwaye angena ekungeneni. Encumile wongeza athi: "Yintwana nje yekhephu leyo". Ngekhephu elitsha kunye nezivunguvungu, i-snowdrifts i-snowdrifts iimitha ezilishumi ukuphakama inokudala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingcwabe umnyango. Ukufikelela kwi-Natural Ice Palace kudla ngokuhlanjululwa simahla kwakhona kunye nabalungisi bekhephu elinzima. Ngamanye amaxesha iholo yokungena kufuneka ikhangelwe nge-avalanche probe kwaye ngoku kwaye emva koko uqhushumbo luyimfuneko ukutyhutyha inqwaba yekhephu.

Ukugcina umqolomba womkhenkce kubandakanyeka ngakumbi kunokuba besicinga. "Umqolomba womkhenkce", ulungisa uMnu Erler. Yintoni na ngandlel 'ithile efanayo for layman umahluko obalulekileyo ingcali. Umqolomba womkhenkce ngumqolomba wamatye apho kukho umkhenkce osisigxina. Umqolomba womkhenkce ngumqolomba okumkhenkce onomkhenkce.

Isiganeko esimangalisayo: Ukufunyanwa kwebhotwe lendalo lomkhenkce

U-Roman Erler wafumanisa i-Natur-Eis-Palast ngo-2007 ngengozi. Oku kunokufundwa kumanqaku amaninzi nakwiwebhusayithi ye "Natursport Tirol", ishishini losapho laseRoma Erler. Kodwa umntu ufanele akucinge njani oku kungqamana? Ngaba wahambahamba waza ngequbuliso wema phambi kwesango? Hayi, bekungelulanga kangako. Njengoko intetho yakudala isitsho, ithamsanqa lithanda amagorha. Kwaye kwakunjalo apha, kuba ngaphandle kwenxalenye eyongezelelweyo yengqwalasela, ulwazi kunye nokuzinikela, ibhotwe lomkhenkce lendalo lalingenakuze lifunyenwe.

"I-Slope no. 5 kwindawo ye-Ski ye-Hintertux ye-Glacier yayiyeyona ndawo iphakamileyo ngaphandle kwe-crevasses eyaziwayo," ukhumbula uMnu Erler. Eneneni, akukho ngqiqweni. Ngenxa yokushukuma komkhenkce, bekufanele ukuba kukho iintanda apho. Emva koko, ngo-Agasti 2007, ngokukhawuleza wabona i-gap eyi-10 cm eludongeni lomkhenkce olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili. Abanye badlula bebaleka bengakhange bawuthobele, kodwa umdla wakhe wavuseleleka. "Ndifumene izinto ezimbalwa ngengozi," uhleka u-Roman Erler.

Abantu baseZillertal baqhelene kakhulu nomkhenkce. Njengomhlanguli weentaba, kuye kwafuneka ahlangule abantu kwiimfanta. Wabuya ke ephethe izinto zakhe wakhwela kulo kroba lusanda kubonakala. Ekukhanyeni kwetotshi yakhe, umsantsa ongabonakaliyo wavuleka ngokumangalisayo ngesisa. Wawumkhulu kangakanani umngxuma osemva kwayo? Emva koko umntu ofumanisayo wavula ikroba ngesixhobo somoya esicinezelekileyo sokubamba iintanda.

Ekuqaleni yayimalunga nokuba ingaba imidlalo yasebusika engaphaya komqolomba womkhenkce isakhuselekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukhupha abantu kwi-crevasse. Kwakungacetywanga ekuqaleni ukukhokelela abantu kulo mqolomba womkhenkce.

Eyona shaft yophando lomkhenkce inzulu ehlabathini

U-Roman Erler akafumananga kuphela kwaye wavula ibhotwe lendalo lomkhenkce, waqhuba neyona shaft yophando yomkhenkce inzulu emhlabeni ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwiHintertux Glacier. Ngokomntu nangaphezulu kweminyaka eliqela. U-Roman Erler ugrunjwe ngaphambili yonke imilimitha. “Nge-12mm 80cm ye-masonry drill,” utsho, amehlo akhe ekhazimla. "Kwaye yayiyinto entle leyo." Ngesinye isihlandlo, ngelixa wayesomba ngaphambili, ngequbuliso wehla nge-drill bit. Wayembe umngxuma ngamanzi kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo. Yatswina kwaza emva koko kwadubula umthombo wamanzi omkhenkce ukuya kuwo.

Emva koko umphini wawuphantsi kwamanzi. Kwathatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba imponthwe ingenanto kwakhona, kodwa yasebenza. Iipaseji ebezingaziwa ngaphambili nezizaliswe ngamanzi ezisuka kwishaft nazo zakhutshwa. Engachukunyiswanga kunye nendawo enomdla yophando. Imbuyekezo lulwazi olutsha malunga nolwakhiwo kunye nentshukumo yomkhenkce. Namhlanje ishaft yophando ifikelela phantsi emhlabeni. Iziimitha ezingama-52 ubunzulu kwaye iqala malunga neemitha ezingama-20 ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ishafu ijikeleze i-3 yeemitha ububanzi kwiindawo eziphezulu kwaye ijikeleze imitha enye ububanzi ezantsi. Abakhenkethi banokujonga ngaphakathi ngexesha lokhenketho olukhokelwayo lweNdalo yoMkhenkce Palace.

Umdlalo wezemidlalo: NgoDisemba ka-2019, i-Austrian Christian Redl yamisela irekhodi elitsha lehlabathi ngokukhululeka kulo shaft. Kumanzi omkhenkce ku-minus 0,6 °C kunye nomphakamo oziimitha ezingama-3200, wantywila kangangeemitha ezingama-23 ngobunzulu ngokuphefumla nje omnye.

Ichibi elinomkhenkce elingaphantsi komhlaba

Ichibi elinomkhenkce kwi-Natural Ice Palace lijikeleze i-50 yeemitha ubude kunye ne-22 yeemitha ubunzulu. Iinkqubo ezininzi zolawulo zaziyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba uhambo ngesikhephe lwabakhenkethi luvunywe. Ichibi lisembindini womkhenkce, malunga neemitha ezingama-30 ngaphantsi kwethambeka lokutyibilika, lijikelezwe ngumkhenkce. “Mhlawumbi unokuthelekelela ukuba kwakuqhubeka ntoni apho,” utsho uRoman Erler, kwaye ihlombe leprojekthi yakhe libhalwe ebusweni bakhe.

Amanzi acwengile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisiganeko sokukhanya, kubonakala kumnyama okanye i-turquoise blue. Kukho itonela lomkhenkce phezu kwawo. Ukucinga kunye nenyaniso zidibanisa phantse ngaphandle komthungo. Entle. Eyodwa. Inika umdla. Kodwa uqinisekile? Sifuna ukwazi ngakumbi kwaye sibuze: “Ngaba ukuphakama kwechibi kuyatshintsha ngenxa yemvula okanye amanzi anyibilikayo?” “Ngaba oko kunokuba yingozi?” UMnu. Erler unokusiqinisekisa. Kukho ukuphuphuma.

Kodwa labakho njani eli chibi lingaqhelekanga? Sele sifundile ukuba i-Hintertux Glacier ngumkhenkce obandayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubushushu bayo bomkhenkce ezantsi komkhenkce bungaphantsi kweqondo elingu-zero kangangokuba akusekho manzi angawo apho. Umgangatho womkhenkce wolu hlobo lomkhenkce ke ngoko awunamanzi. Amanzi alulwelo aqokelela kwimingxunya engaphezulu kwalo mmandla. Le yindlela elakhiwa ngayo eli chibi lomkhenkce.

Noko ke, xa yafunyanwayo, lo mjelo wawuphantsi kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo. Iqela lika-Roman Erler laqhekeza inxalenye yomkhenkce kwaye ladala ukuphuphuma. Oku kuye kwalawula umgangatho wamanzi. Ngoku abatyeleli banokumangaliswa kwichibi elinomkhenkce kwiphenyane lerabha okanye ngelixa besenza i-stand-up paddling. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, iimvume zokuntywila kwi-scuba diving nazo zikhutshiwe, utsho uRoman Erler. Kule veki iphelileyo, abo basuka kwisebe lomlilo bebekwichibi elinomkhenkce.

Iirekhodi zehlabathi kwi-ice swimming

Ngelixa i-scuba diving ihlala ihlukile, abantu abaqubha emkhenkceni baphantse balawule kwi-Natural Ice Palace. “Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba bangaphi abantu abaqubhayo emkhenkceni,” uyakhumbula uMnu. Erler. Ngoku uyazi okona kulungileyo.

Ngo-2021, uJosef Köberl wadada iikhilomitha ezili-1,5 kwimizuzu engama-38 kwichibi elinomkhenkce laseNatur-Eis-Palast. Ngaphambi nje komkhenkce ofunekayo (malunga neemitha ezili-1609), nangona kunjalo, uJosef Köberl kwafuneka aqhawuke ukuze aphephe i-hypothermia ebeka ubomi esichengeni. Sekunjalo, impumelelo ebalaseleyo. NgoDisemba ka-2022, emva koko wagqithwa yindadi yomkhenkce yasePoland uKrzysztof Gajewski, owabeka irekhodi elitsha nelingaqhelekanga lehlabathi lokuqubha komkhenkce eNatur-Eis-Palast: I-Pole yafikelela kumkhenkce emva kwemizuzu engama-32 emva koko yaqubha nangakumbi. Lilonke, waqubha imizuzu engama-43 kwi-Hintertux Glacier kwaye wahamba umgama oziikhilomitha ezi-2.

Iintsika zomkhenkce ezigobileyo

Enye into evuyisayo abatyeleli kwi-Natural Ice Palace banokuyifumana kufutshane namhlanje yindlela umkhenkce osabela ngayo kuxinzelelo. Umkhenkce ubonakala ungazinzanga kwaye uethe-ethe kuthi. Ukuba ubeka uxinzelelo kwi-iciccle, iya kuphuka, akunjalo? Kukhenketho lwe-Natural Ice Palace uya kubona ukuba le ngcinga ayilunganga.

I-Hintertux Glacier ayimi. Kodwa yonke into eyenzekayo yenzeka ngohlobo lokucotha okugqithisileyo. Kwaye kule meko, umkhenkce awusabelanga kuxinzelelo oluvela phezulu ngokuphuka, kodwa ngokuguqula. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yomkhenkce emangalisayo isiphumo. Iintsika zomkhenkce ezigobileyo, imikhenkce egqwethekileyo kunye nemizobo ejijekileyo yomkhenkce evela kwizandla zikaMaster Nature ngokwakhe. Ngena kwaye umangaliswe sisiqubulo. “Sinesabelo sophando kunye nesabelo sokufundisa,” utsho uRoman Erler. Yaye unokwazi ukuba uzithatha nzulu zombini.

Ngaphezulu kwekhilomitha yeendlela ezingaphantsi komhlaba zomqolomba womkhenkce ngoku zilinganisiwe kwaye zabhalwa. Iimitha ezingama-640 zayo ziyafikeleleka kubakhenkethi. Ukusukela ngo-2017, indawo ebizwa ngokuba yiJubilee Hall ikwavulelekile kubakhenkethi. Oku kuhonjiswe ngokutyebileyo ngee-icicles ezibude bemitha kunye nokwakheka komkhenkce ophakamileyo. Iphupha lomkhenkce!

Emva kwayo kukho amanye amagumbi amabini angekavulelwa uluntu. Okwangoku zisetyenziselwa uphando kuphela. Xa sibuza ukuba ingaba umqolomba womkhenkce ubujongiwe ngokupheleleyo okwangoku, u-Roman Erler waphendula ngo-"hayi". Imingxunya emininzi iyaziwa kodwa ayikaphononongwa. Zininzi izinto ezimangalisayo ezisalele kwiBhotwe leNdalo lomkhenkce namhlanje.

Ngaba ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngumba?

Sinexhala, kodwa u-Roman Erler uphendule ngokuzolileyo: "Akukho mkhenkce ungaphantsi apha kune-Ice Age". Isazi se glaciologist segazi ngokuzenzekelayo siyadubula sibe ngumbhali-mbali wokuzilibazisa kwaye sifunde ukuba maninzi amangeno anomdla malunga neLittle Ice Age kwilali nakwiimbali zecawa. Ngelo xesha, inkxalabo yabemi yayahluke ngokupheleleyo. Umkhenkce wahambela phambili. Kwakunekhephu ehlotyeni. Iinkomo azizange ziqhutywe zisiwe edlelweni kwaye zafa. Kwakukho iindlala.

Ukusukela ngoko, imeko yemozulu itshintshile kwakhona. Ngoku kuya kufudumala eTyrol kwaye utshintsho lokuqala luyabonakala entlanjeni. Kodwa kukwakho neendaba ezimnandi: “KwiZillertal kukho imikhenkce emibini ejingayo ehambela phambili kancinane,” utshilo uRoman Erler. Ngokuchasene nentsingiselo, ebonisa ukunyibilika jikelele komkhenkce.

Ngenxa yokuphakama okuya kuthi ga kwi-3250 yeemitha, izinto ngoku zijongeka zilungile kwi-Hintertux Glacier. Kodwa akukho khephu lincinci apha ngenxa yobusika obupholileyo? “Ngokwahlukileyo koko,” kuchaza ingcali. Ubusika obupholileyo buthetha imvula eninzi, ngoko ke ikhephu elingakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ihlobo elishushu linefuthe elibi. “Eyona nto ilungileyo kumkhenkce iya kuba bubusika obupholileyo kunye nehlobo elipholileyo,” uyachaza uRoman Erler.

Ukongeza kubude bayo, i-Hintertux Glacier inenye inzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye ii-glaciers ezininzi kwiiAlps. Ngumkhenkce obandayo kwaye olu hlobo lomkhenkce aluvakali kangako kutshintsho lwemozulu, kunemikhenkce epholileyo.Ibhotwe lendalo lomkhenkce kunye nemimangaliso yalo emincinci nemikhulu iya kuhlala nathi ixesha elide.

Buyela kwisishwankathelo

Ixesha le-Hintertux Glacier

Ngoku siyazi ukuba i-Hintertux Glacier ayisayi kuba yinto yakudala ixesha elide. Kodwa ukusukela nini? Umkhenkce oseHintertux usukela kwiLittle Ice Age kwaye umalunga nama-500 ukuya kuma-600 eminyaka ubudala. Kodwa ezi zingqimba zomkhenkce ngoku ezithe zaya ezantsi entlanjeni.

Siyakhumbula ukuba indawo ephezulu ye-Hintertux Glacier ihamba kancinci kakhulu. Isiseko sinomkhenkce. Ngenxa yoko, isiseko kufuneka sibendala kakhulu kunomkhenkce okwinqanaba eliphezulu, othi ekugqibeleni unyukele kwimimandla yeentaba ezisezantsi. "Owona mkhenkce omdala kakhulu wesayensi kwi-Eastern Alps uneminyaka engama-5800 ubudala," uMnu Erler usazisa.

Kodwa ungakanani umkhenkce kwiBhotwe leNdalo lomkhenkce? Midala kangakanani awona maleko asezantsi kwishafti yophando eyi-52 yeemitha ubunzulu? Basenokuba badala. Enye irekhodi? Mhlawumbi. Kodwa okwangoku kufuneka sibe nomonde kwimpendulo ehambelanayo. “Ukuthandana kusavulelekile,” ucacisa ngokuqinisekileyo uRoman Erler. Iziphumo zexesha elizayo kubaphandi zihlala zibonwa. Ihlala inika umdla.